BAB

8 Amusing Stories
NARRATIVE TEXT
is a text that is used to entertain the reader or listener.
Generic Structure
Orientation
introduces the background of the story relating to the people, place, and
time of the story.

Complication
consists of events that make up the problems of the story. It is the central
part that makes the story interesting to read. In a narrative text, there is
probably more than one complication.

Resolution
consists of events that resolve the problems in the complication. It makes
the tense of the story down.
Narrative Text

The elements include… A narrative text usually…

Topic Uses past tense,
Setting Uses direct and indirect
Characters speech,
Plot Uses time connectives.
 Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
(+) Anita said, “I like playing the guitar.” (+) Anita said that she liked playing the
(-) Anita said, “I do not like playing the guitar.” guitar.
(?) Anita asked, “Do you like playing the (-) Anita said that she did not like playing the
guitar?” guitar.
(?) Anita asked me if/whether I liked playing
the guitar.
Simple Past Tense
(+) Susan said, “I submitted the assignment.”
(-) Susan said, “I did not submit the
assignment.”
(?) Susan asked, “Did you submit the
assignment?”
Reported Speech
Direct Speech
Present Continuous Tense
(+) Mark said, “They are playing
football now.”
(-) Mark said, “They are not
playing football now.”
(?) Mark asked, “Are they playing
football now?”
Indirect Speech
Past Continuous Tense
(+) Mark said that they were
playing football at the moment.
(-) Mark said that they were not
playing football at the moment.
(?) Mark asked if/whether they
were playing football at the
moment.
 Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense

(+) Susan said, “I have submitted the (+) Susan said that she had submitted the
assignment.” assignment.”
(-) Susan said, “I have not submitted the (-) Susan said that she had not submitted the
assignment.” assignment.
(?) Susan asked, “Have you submitted the (?) Susan asked me if/whether I had
assignment?” submitted the assignment.
Past Perfect Tense
(+) Susan said, “I had submitted the
assignment.”
(-) Susan said, “I had not submitted the
assignment.”
(?) Susan asked, “Had you submitted the
assignment?”
 Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Past Continuous Tense

(+) David said, “I was watching a movie.”
(-) David said, “I was not watching a
movie.”
(?) David asked, “Were you watching a
movie?”
Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) David said, “I have been watching a (+) David said that he had been watching
movie.” a movie.
(-) David said, “I have not been watching a (-) David said that he had not been
movie.” watching a movie.
(?) David asked, “Have you been watching (?) David asked me if/whether I had been
a movie?” watching a movie.”
Reported Speech

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) David said, “I had been
watching a movie.”
(-) David said, “I had not been
watching a movie.”
(?) David asked, “Had you been
watching a movie?”
 Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Imperative Sentence
Nicko said, “Be careful!” Nicko told/requested/ordered/commanded
me to be careful.
Sia said to them, “Do not (Don’t) open the Sia told/requested/ordered/commanded
window!” them not to open the window.
Modal
Will Would
Can Could
May Might
Must/have to Had to
Would/could/might/should/ought to Would/could/might/should/ought to
Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Place and Time

Today That day
Now Then/At the moment
Yesterday The day before
Last week The week before
Next year The following year
Tomorrow The next day/The following day
Here There
This That
These Those
Ago Previously/before
Tonight That night
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
are often used in writing narrative text.
: after, after a while, afterward, again, also, and then, as long as,
at last, at length, at that time, before, early, eventually, finally,
formerly, further, in the first place, in the past, last, lately,
meanwhile, next, now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously,
since, so far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until,
until now, when, later.