Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Synaptic Transmission: Faculty of Medicine DR Zaïd Mansour
Synaptic Transmission: Faculty of Medicine DR Zaïd Mansour
Synaptic Transmission: Faculty of Medicine DR Zaïd Mansour
Dr Zaïd Mansour
Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic transmission: The information travels in synapses
Described by Sherrington in 1897
Chemical transmission:
Otto Loewi and Vagusstoff
In the night of Easter Sunday, 1921, I awoke, turned on the light, and jotted down a
few notes on a tiny slip of paper. Then, I fell asleep again.
It occurred to me at six o'clock in the morning that during the night I had written
down something most important.
Synapse:
Is the specialized junction where one part of a neuron contacts and communicates with
another neuron or cell type (muscle or gland).
Electrical synapses:
Six connexin subunits comprise
one connexon,
two connexons comprise
one gap junction channel,
and many gap junction channels
comprise one gap junction
Synaptic integration:
several PSPs occur simultaneously and induce an action potential
Chemical synapse:
-Most synaptic transmission is chemical
-Synaptic cleft between pre- and post synaptic neurons
-Membrane differentiations: dense accumulations of protein adjacent to and within
the membranes on either side of the synaptic cleft.
-Active zones: are the actual sites of NT release.
(a) An axodendritic synapse (b) An axosomatic synapse (c) An axoaxonic synapse.
(a) A Gray's type I synapse is asymmetrical and usually excitatory.
-Clostridium botulinum:
It destroys certain proteins in the presynaptic terminal which are critical for
transmitter release.
-black widow:
Its venom binds to protein on the outside of the presynaptic membrane and triggers
rapid and total depletion of transmitter
-Cobra:
Its venom binds to and blocks the postsynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors
-Organophosphates:
Irreversible inhibitors of AChE.
-Receptor antagonists:
Curare binds tightly to ACh receptors on skeletal muscle cells and blocks the action
of ACh, thereby preventing muscle contraction.
-Receptor agonists:
Bind to receptors and mimic the action of natural NT
Nicotinic ACh receptors in the CNS
Synaptic integration:
The process by which multiple synaptic potentials combine within one postsynaptic
neuron.
The transformation of many synaptic inputs to a single neuronal output constitutes a
neural computation.
Startle response:
- stiffening of the body.
- an involuntary shout.
- flexion of the arms and legs
- a fall to the ground.
Modulation: