FISIOLOGI TIDUR, KLASIFIKASI

GANGGUAN TIDUR , PENYEBAB

GANGGUAN TIDUR
Sofya Sugi Setyawati Sembiring (180100016)
• Sleep is defined as unconsciousness from which the person can be
aroused by sensory or other stimuli.
Two types of sleep:
 Basic Theories of Sleep
• An earlier theory of sleep was that the excitatory areas of the upper
brain stem, the reticular activating system, simply fatigued during the
waking day and became inactive as a result. This was called the passive
theory of sleep.
• An important experiment changed this view to the current belief that
sleep is caused by an active inhibitory process: it was discovered that
transecting the brain stem at the level of the midpons creates a brain
whose cortex never goes to sleep. In other words, there seems to be
some center located below the midpontile level of the brain stem that is
required to cause sleep by inhibiting other parts of the brain.
• A Possible Specific Role for Serotonin: when a drug that blocks the
formation of serotonin is administered to an animal, the animal often
cannot sleep for several days.
Physiologic Effects of Sleep
• Effects on the nervous system itself
• Effects on other functional systems of the body
• sleep in multiple ways restores both normal levels of brain activity
and normal “balance” among the different functions of the central
nervous system
• Prolonged wakefulness is often associated with progressive
malfunction of the thought processes and sometimes even causes
abnormal behavioral activities
International Classification of Sleep
Disorders-3 (ICSD-3)
1. Insomnia
2. Sleep-related breathing disorders
3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence
4. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
5. Parasomnias
6. Sleep-related movement disorders
7. Other sleep disorders

Sateia, M. J. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest, 146(5), 1387–

1394. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970 
Insomnia
• Def: difficulty in initiation and maintenance of sleep, poor quality of
sleep, and a insufficient duration of sleep, such that functioning in the
awake state is impaired.
Sleep-related breathing disorders
• Def: abnormal respiration during sleep
Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence
• Def: inability to stay awake and alert during the day, leading to
periods of irresistible need to sleep, or unintended lapses into
drowsiness or sleep
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
• Def: desynchronization between internal sleep-wake rhythms and the
light-darkness cycle
Parasomnias
• Def: unpleasant or undesirable
behavioral or experiential
phenomena occurring
predominately or exclusively during
sleep.
 Sleep-related movement disorders
• Def: conditions that are primarily
characterized by simple, often
stereotyped movements occurring
during sleep.
Other sleep disorders
• Other sleep-related symptoms or events that do not meet the
standard definition of a sleep disorder
Factors that can cause sleep problems
• Physical disturbances (for example, chronic pain from arthritis, headaches, fibromyalgia)
• Medical issues (for example, sleep apnea)
• Psychiatric disorders (for example, depression and anxiety disorders)
• Environmental issues (for example, it's too bright, partner snores)
• Genetics: Researchers have found a genetic basis for narcolepsy, a neurological disorder of sleep
regulation that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness.
• Night shift work: People who work at night often experience sleep disorders, because they cannot
sleep when they start to feel drowsy. Their activities run contrary to their biological clocks.
• Medications: Many drugs can interfere with sleep, such as certain antidepressants, blood
pressure medication, and over-the-counter cold medicine.
• Aging: About half of all adults over the age of 65 have some sort of sleep disorder. It is not clear if
it is a normal part of aging or a result of medications that older people commonly use.