Parking Design

Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Lanjut (ENVC

8 0 0301)
Disusun oleh Tri Tjahjono 2014
 Objectives

• Understand parking planning is an integral

part of transportation planning
• Know the definition of parking terms
• Learn the methodology of parking studies
• Learn how to find out space requirements for
a parking garage
 Types of parking facilities
On-street parking facilities:

Parking bays alongside the curb

Off-street parking facilities:

Private vs. Public

Surface lots vs. garages
Self-parking vs. attendant-parking
 Parking Study
Parking Capacity Average Parking Duration
• number of parking places • average length of time
and parking category spent on one car per
Average Occupancy Rate parking space
• what percentage of the Parking turn-over
places were occupied • how many cars per
Parking count parked in one parking
• how many cars parked lot during the counting
during the counting period
period
 Parking Study
Turnover
• Turnover is a quantitative
indication of how much is
the average time of use of
one parking space for a
specified period. In
general, higher turnover
means better use of
parking capacity: more
cars will be serviced in the
same capacity.
• Turnover is in combination
with other indicators –
occupancy and duration of
parking. If occupancy is
higher, more cars using the
parking capacity,
respectively, and turnover
increases. If the period of
stay is decreasing, more
cars can use the same place
and turnover will increase.
 Definitions of parking terms
Space-hour A unit of parking defining the use of a single
parking space for a period of 1 hr.
Parking The total number of vehicles that park in a study
volume area during specific length of time (usually a
day)
Parking The number of parked vehicles in a study are at
accumulation any specified time.
Parking load The area under the accumulation curve between
two specific times. (space-hours)
Parking The length of time a vehicle is parked at a
duration parking bay.
Parking The rate of use of a parking space. Divide the
turnover parking volume for a specified period by the
number of parking spaces.
 Four steps of parking studies

1. Inventory of existing parking facilities

2. Collection of data on parking accumulation,
parking turnover, and parking duration
3. Identification of parking generators
4. Collection of information on parking
demand
 Info included in parking studies

• Parker characteristics (when, where, why and

how many people park)
• Parking supply characteristics (number,
location and cost of spaces, who provides and
how spaces are controlled and used)
• Parking needs for new or existing
developments
 Demand Factors
• Changes in population, motor vehicle registrations, and travel
• Changes in CBD employment, floor space, new economic
activity generators and loss of existing generators, competition
from outlying areas
• Economic factors relating to a specific parking project
(competitive price changes, subsidies, development of
competitive parking facilities)
• Change in public transit availability, service and usage, or other
changes in CBD accessibility
• Public policies regarding parking and transit
• Technology or science affecting transportation, new laws and
regulations affecting motor travel, energy or fuel shortages,
and community and national economic health
 Inventory of existing parking facilities
• Type and number of parking spaces
• Times of operation and limit on duration of parking
• Type of ownership
• Parking fees
• Restrictions on use
• Other restrictions (near bus stop, fire hydrant)
• Probable degree of permanency
 Collection of parking data

• Accumulation – checked about every 15

minutes basis

No. of parked
Demand fluctuates.

cars
Time of day

• Turnover and (max permissible) duration

T = (No. of different vehicles parked)/ (No. of parking spaces)
 Identification of parking
generators
Spacial distribution, size of parking generators
(trip attraction facilities), and available
transportation modes affect the level of
parking demand.
 Accumulation Table

Khisty, C. and M. Kyte, Lab and Field Manual for Transportation

Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991.
Survey Form
 Accumulation Diagram

Khisty, C. and M. Kyte, Lab and Field Manual for Transportation

Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991.
 Identification of parking
generators
Spasial distribution, size of parking generators
(trip attraction facilities), and available
transportation modes affect the level of
parking demand.
 If you get 30%
Parking demand survey back, you are
really fortunate.

 Interview drivers on a typical weekday between 8:00 am and

10:00 pm.
 Or, give drivers a survey form

Trip origin Trip purpose Destination after

parking

Arrival and departure Vehicle type

 Analysis of parking data
 No. and duration for vehicles legally parked
 No. and duration for vehicles illegally parked
 Space-hours of demand for parking
 Supply of parking facilities
 Parking demand estimation
Class Average No. of
N
D    ni ti 
N (= 2 duration vehicles
here) ti ni
Commuter 9 hrs 120
i 1 Shopper 2 hrs 80

D = space vehicle-hours demand for a specific period of time (usually the

duration the parking facility is open)
N = number of classes of parking duration ranges (commuters, shoppers,
business meetings, etc.“Class” means grouping of purpose and parking
durations)
ti = midparking (meaning “average” here) duration of the i-th class.
ni = number of vehicles parked for the i-th duration range (meaning “class”)
 Parking supply estimation
10hrs
M
S  f t j
j 1 j = 1, 2, 3,…

Simply stated: S = f*tave/space*M

S = practical number of space-hours of supply for a specific period of time

M = number of parking spaces available
tj = total length of time in hours when the j-th space can be legally parked on
during the specific period
f = efficiency factor to take into account the time lost during turnovers
 Parking Study
Patrol Study
• Patrol survey is also known as
“repeat visit survey”, ”parking
beat survey”, ”periodic check
survey” and “fixed period
sampling license plate survey”.
The main idea is that the
patrolling observer checks the
parking area at fixed time
intervals and records the plate
number of the car occupying each
stall. One of the goals is to obtain
the approximate parking duration
for each car.
Example
Contoh Lengkap
Pertanyaan:
1. Berapa besar parking load rata-rata per
jam?
2. Gambarkan sketsa grafik akumulasi
kendaraan parkir di Gedung tersebut
3. Berapa besar rata-rata durasi parkir?
4. Berapa besar turn over?
5. Berapa besar nilai parking index?
6. Berapa banyak maksimum kendaraan
parkir illegal (tidak di dalam petak
parkir)?
7. Bila satu jam membayar sewa parkir Rp.
4,000,-. Jumlah petak parkir 520. Berapa
penghasilan dalam satu hari?
 
Contoh Lengkap
Contoh Lengkap
GENERAL PARKING DESIGN
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension and Maneuverability
The size of the standard car is approximately
4.75 metres by 1.8 metres. Allowing suitable
clearances all round right-angled car parking
bays should be 4.8 metres by 2.5 metres
where a manoeuvring width of 6.5 metres is
available. In areas where turnover is low i.e.
staff parking, office developments etc., it may
be possible to reduce this to an absolute
minimum of 4.8 metres x 2.4 metres. Free
access to an end space will permit the bay
length to be reduced to 5.0 metres. An
internal minimum dimension of 5.5 metres
by 3 metres is recommended, in order to
encourage use of the garage for parking. All
garages adjacent to dwelling houses to be
located at least 6.0 metres from the road
boundary.
Dimension
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Parking Layout
Provision for Disabled People
Provision for Disabled People
PARKING FOR SHOPING AREAS
 Development Concept

Pedestrian access to premises should be so arranged that it is easier and more convenient
to use the designated parking areas than to park casually on the road. The access should
be of sufficient capacity to ensure that cars do not queue back into the road, particularly
where there are large surface or multi storey car parks associated with industrial,
commercial and shopping developments or where barrier control is in operation. The exit
capacity should be sufficient to avoid internal congestion.
Development Concept
 Development Concept
Large unbroken expanses of parking are visually unattractive
and can be confusing. It is desirable, therefore, for larger
parking areas to be subdivided, with the use of appropriate
landscaping, into units of between fifty and one hundred
spaces, often with identification being provided for each
area to assist drivers to find their car when returning.
However, landscaping should always be arranged in such a
way that sightlines and clearances for movement of vehicles
and pedestrians are not obstructed to any extent. Care
should also be taken to avoid the creation of shadowy or
concealed pockets which may create security risks. Clear
pedestrian routes and paths are required.
 Development Concept
Adequate lighting will be required in all car parks
to ensure that users feel secure. Developers
should liaise with the local crime prevention
officer with regard to appropriate advice on car
park security. Car parks should be illuminated to
a high standard with columns so arranged to
avoid dark shadowy areas within or adjacent to
the car park.
COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, RECREATIONAL
AND SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
 Development Concept
• Where a development contains a mix of
differing facilities then each part should be
considered in its own right and the
appropriate parking should be provided to
give an overall total parking figure. It will be
permissible to provide this parking at one
centralized location provided that the differing
facilities are clearly signed from the car park.
Development Concept
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking

Detail Dimensi pada paparan

gambar berikutnya
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
Commercial Vehicles Industry Parking
BICYCLE PARKING
Bicycle Parking
 Design Consideration
For maximum security, stands
should be placed away from
access by motor vehicle. The
location of cycle stands is also
important as incorrectly located
parking stands will lead to them
being ignored and cycles being
chained to drainpipes, railings
and other such objects at
locations throughout the area.
Cycle parking should be close to
main doors or under the
supervision of CCTV.
Cycle parking is generally required for 3
time periods:
• Short Term: < 2 hours
• Medium Term: 2-12 hours
• Long Term: > 12 hours
Short to medium term parking facilities are
generally used at:
• Public Transport Interchanges
• Public Buildings
• Work Places
• Education Facilities
• Shops and Shopping Centres
• Parks and Leisure Facilities
• Places of Entertainment
 Design Consideration
Design at these facilities Medium to long term
should aim to be: parking facilities are
• Secure; generally required at:
• Major transport
• Vandal proof
interchanges
• Well lit
• Student Halls of
• Easy to use Residence
• Accessible • Private residences
• Hotels and hostels
• Camping and holiday sites
 Design Consideration
In addition to the Cycle lockers, cycle stores
requirements for short - (compounds) or supervised
medium term parking, areas within car parks are
designs should aim to likely to be more appropriate
than unsupervised Sheffield
provide:
stands, as they provide
• Higher level of security increased security and
• Weather protection storage facilities. Where
• Storage areas necessary, Sheffield stands
located near to luggage
lockers may be used.
Bicycle Parking
Akhir Presentasi