BY VAMSI KIRAN (M.

Tech)
JNTUH
 “any undesirable change in the component of
environment (air, water, soil etc)
 Air
 Water
 Soil
 Noise
 Marine
 Thermal
 Nuclear
 Composition of air
 Air pollutants
 Source of air pollution
 Effect
 Control techniques
Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%

CO2 0.037%

Argon, helium Trace amount

Moisture Remaining
 TWO TYPES OF POLLUTANTS
 Primary pollutants
---directly emitted gasses
Ex: co, NO, SO2

 Secondary pollutants
--- primary pollutants react with another component
then form new chemical.
Ex: NO/NO2 HNO3
Pollutants & sources
Pollutant Source of pollutant

CO, N2O, S2O VEHICLES

CO2, N2O, S2O INDUTRIAL SMOKE

SOLID PARTICULATE Construction process

MATTER(SPM), Dust
 Industries emitted smoke
 Automobile pollution
 Dust particles from Construction process
 Burning of coal
 More money more cars
 Increase in usage of vehicles
 Congested roads
 Release of CO, N2O, SO2
 Polluting the environment
 Health problems
 Effect on human health
 Effect on Plants
 Effect on Aquatic life
 Effect on materials
 Effect on animals
 Nasal infection
 Headache
 Drowsiness
 Vomiting
 Bronchiole asthma
 Throat infection
 Chlorosis – Yellow leaves
 Necrosis – Dead area on leaf
 Epinasty – Curling leaves
 Abscission – falling of leaves
 Phytoplankton damage
 Acid rain
 Effect on Aquatic species
 Discoloration
 Strength of textile
 Cracking of rubber
 By fluorides of air through plants
 Decreases milk production
 Planting more trees
 Keep designed automobile engines
 Usage of vehicles
 Safe construction
 Source of Water pollution
 Effects of Water pollution
 Control methods for Water pollution
 Two types of sources
 Point source – discharged from specific
locations.
ex: chemical industries, pharmaceutical,
power plants, other industries.
 Non point sources – Discharged from
unknown locations.
Ex : Rain water, crop lands, overflow water.
 Point
 ….. source

Point
source

Non-
Point
source
 Minamata disease – due to consumption of
Methyl mercury contaminated fish.
 Itai – itai disease – By eating Cadmium
contaminated rice.
Mercury cadmium
contaminated contaminated
rice
  Excess nitrates in drinking water causes blue
baby syndrome or methamoglobimea.
 Excess fluorides in drinking water causes
yellow teeth and rickets.
Blue/red
dish
 Pathogen present in drinking water causes
water born diseases.
ex : Malaria, typhoid,
cholera, diarrhea etc.
 Waste water treatment methods.
 Effluent treatment plants (ETP).
 Sewage treatment plants (STP).
 Common and combined effluent treatment
plants (CETP).
 Source of Soil pollution
 Effects of Soil pollution
 Control methods for Soil pollution
 impact of modern agriculture on soil
 Domestic waste
 Industrial waste
 Plastic
 Pesticides
 Bad smell, health problems
 Decreases the fertility of soil
 Decreases crop production
 Ground water pollution
 Recycle
 Effluent treatment plants (ETP).
 Sewage treatment plants (STP).
 Band plastic bags
 Range from 20-140 db
 Source:
 Industries
 Vehicles- aero planes, trains, busses etc.,
 Construction
 Fans
 Min hearing sound 20db
 Scooter-90db
 Library- 60db
 Industries- 120db
 Pop music recording-130db
 Rocket-160db
 Threshold levels-140db
 Hearing loss
 Mental disorder
 Increases B.P.
 Tension
 Absorbents
 Machine design
 Lubricating agents
 Source:
 Nuclear power plants (Radio isotopes)
 Industrial effluents (heat water)
 Drainage water (heavy metals like Cd,Hg)
 Thermal power plants (heat water)
 Phytoplankton damage
 Effect on aquatic species
 Cooling towers
 Cooling ponds
 Spray ponds
 Artificial lakes
 Coastal pollution due to dumping of sewage
water
 Source:
 Dumping of waste
 Oil pollution
 plastic
 Block the photosynthesis
 No phytoplankton development
 Affect on migratory birds (by drinking of
plastic contaminated water decreases body
temperature)
 Absorbents – powders, cotton plugs
 Emulsifying agents
 Removal of plastic
 It releases radio isotopes
 Radiation
 Effect on human health
 Information technology means:
 collection
 procession
 Storage of data
 Internet facility
 Information through satellite
 www
 Geographical information system (GIS)
 POLLUTION CHECK UP
 Weather information
 Up –to –date information
Remote sensing
 Collecting data through satellite
 Agriculture
 Forestry
 Water resources
 vegetation
 Floods
 Droughts
 Land use / land cover
 Mapping
 Getting the knowledge about environment
 Types in education:
 Formal education
 Value education
 Environmental education
 Objectives:
 Read
 Write
 Get good job
 Objectives:
 Good communication skills
 Behavior
 Guide lines
 Planting
 Protect environment
 Environmental awareness programs
 Pollution control
 Biodiversity
 Ecosystem
 What are resources available
 Knowledge about diseases
 Eco friendly products
 Use florescent lights (low energy
consumption)
 Solar energy
 Pollution free vehicles
 Avoid genetically modified (GM) food
 CFC free refrigerators
 According to Kyoto protocol:
 Decreases GHG
 Carbon free city
 Developmental activities
 Sustainable development
Rain water harvesting
 For conservation of water
Objectives

 Ground level water

 Avoid water conflicts
 Irrigation
 Drinking
Water shed management
 Store water for irrigation purpose
 Increases ground level water