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Air Pollution and Global Warming (Lecture-3)
Air Pollution and Global Warming (Lecture-3)
Global Warming
Composition of Atmosphere
Approximately
• Nitrogen = 78%
• Oxygen = 20/21%
• Argon = 0.93%
• CO2 = 0.04%
• Neon = 0.0018%
• Helium = 0.0005%
• Methane = 0.0002%
• Water vapor (not present in dry
atmosphere) = 0.001% - 5%
2
What is Air Pollution?
• Air pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which certain
substances are present in concentrations at which they can produce
undesirable effects on human beings and environment
• These substances include
• sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide/monoxide, smoke, dust,
aerosols, radioactive materials and many others
3
What is Air Quality Index
(AQI)?
• The AQI is a tool for reporting daily air quality of any city or country
• It tells how clean or polluted the air is, and what associated health
effects might be a concern for public.
• In Bangladesh the AQI is based on 5 criteria pollutants; Particulate
Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), NO2, CO, SO2 and Ozone (O3).
• The Department of Environment (DoE) has set national ambient air
quality standards for these pollutants.
How does the AQI work?
• Think of the AQI value as a yardstick (table) that runs from 0 to 500.
• The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the
greater the health concern.
• For example, an AQI of 50 represents good air quality with little
potential to affect public health, while an AQI value of 350 represents
hazardous air quality.
• Now carefully look at an example of AQI report of Dhaka city collected
by the US Embassy on 5th February 2020 which has been provided
below.
• Note that data from a single monitoring station cannot be applied to
an entire city. Therefore, air quality data collected at one monitor
station may differ from other monitors located in the same cities.
Question 1: Now look at the AQI value for Dhaka city today and write it down. You can
go to American Embassy or Air Now to check AQI.
Global Warming
• Global warming is defined as a natural or human induced increase in the
average global temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface.
8
Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature
Global Warming
Table 1: Measurements and reading for calculating the density of water at 24.6 0C.
Parameters Measurements and calculations