Introduction to artificial

respiration and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Artificial respiration (ar)
Artificial Respiration is a procedure to manually pump or blow air
into the lungs of a person when his or her normal or natural
breathing is inadequate or has ceased.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a emergency procedure
done to continue the circulation of oxygen and blood inside a
person’s body when cardiac and respiratory functioning has
stopped.
defibrillator
Is a machine used parallel with CPR that delivers a measured amount of
electric shock to restore and appropriate rhythm for the heart’s natural
pacemaker.
ventilation
Is an action by the first aider in the administration of CPR that allows air to
enter the lungs of the patient, either by the mouth to mouth delivery or by an
artificial airway (endotracheal tube).
compression
Is an action by the first aider in the administration of CPR wherein the hands
and arms are used to manually pump the heart of the victim in the definite
rhythm to continue the circulation of blood from the lungs to the heart to the
brain, when cardiac functioning has stopped.
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
1. Survey the scene - In every rescue, safety is the primary
consideration.
2. Introduce yourself to the public - You may introduce yourself
this way: “I am ______ (name of the first aider), a trained first
aider and rescuer, may I help?
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
3. Tap the shoulder of the victim three times to assess for responsiveness - You may
say: “Hey sir, hey sir, are you okay? Hey sir, hey sir, are you okay? Hey sir, hey sir,
are you okay?”
If the victim responds in any way, such as groaning or talking, check for injuries and place
in recovery position if there are none.
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
4. Ask help and activate medical assistance or EMS (Emergency Medical
Services) - If the victim is unresponsive, the rescuer shall request a specific
person to call for an ambulance or a vehicle for transportation, while the
rescuer is doing the preliminary survey.
DCAPBTLS FOR PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE RESCUERS

D - Deformity
C - Contusion
A - Abrasion
P - Puncture
B- Burn
T- Tenderness
L- Laceration
S - Swelling
Methods of conducting AR and CPR
5. Checks the vital functioning - If the victim is unresponsive, check for
the pulse and breathing for about 5 seconds. Apply Look-Listen-Feel to
assess breathing and check the radial or carotid pulse of the victim to
assess circulation.
Use the index and middle finger to assess the radial pulse (left) or the
carotid pulse (right). (note: the carotid pulse is the last out of the 10
pulse sites to be felt after cardiac arrest).
6. If breathing is negative but the pulse of the victim is positive, perform artificial
respiration by following the procedure:
- Remove any foreign objects inside the mouth (if present) such as dentures or
retainers. If they are fluids in the mouth, turn the patient sideways to drain the fluid
with gravity.
- Open airway using the Head Tilt-Chin Lift method or the Jaw-Thrust Method (if
there is suspected spinal injury)
The Head Tilt-Chin Tilt maneuver will cause the tongue to move up from
the airway.
The Jaw Thrust Maneuver is done in cases of suspected spinal injury to
avoid injury to the brainstem and spinal cord.
- Pinch the nostrils with the thumb and index finger then place your mouth over
the victim’s mouth.
- Blow air into the victim’s airway, making sure that no air escapes as you blow
into the mouth, then watch for the rising of the chest.
- If the chest does not rise, then check the airway for any obstruction. If the chest
rises, continue with AR until the victim breathes on his or her own, or until
medical assistance arrives.
7. If breathing and pulse are negative, apply Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR):
- Shock first - if the rescuer is trained in using defibrillator and the
machine is available, deliver one shock then proceed with CPR.
- Put the victim on his or her back onto a flat, hard surface or a cardiac
board (if available).
- Spell CAB (Circulation: Airway: Breathing) - Apply 30 compressions by following
this procedure:

- Kneel next to the person’s neck and shoulders.

- Place the heel of the dominant hand on the center of the victim’s chest,
between the nipples (if male) or between the breasts (if female).
- Place the on dominant hand over the dominant hand. Interlace the fingers
but make sure the force is delivered onto the heel of the hand and not on
the fingers.
- Keep elbows straight and position shoulders directly above the hands.
- Use the force from the shoulders and arms to push straight down on
the chest for at least 2 inches depth. Push hard at a rate of 100
compressions per minute.
- After 30 compressions, deliver 2 ventilation following the procedure
for Artificial Respiration.
- Thirty (30) compressions with 2 ventilations is 1 Cycle. Perform 5
cycles then reassess vital functioning.
- If vital functioning returns, place the victim in recovery position (if
there is no suspected spinal injury) and wait for medical assistance.
- If vital functioning is absent, perform another 5 cycles until medical
assistance arrives.
- Do not stop until the 5 cycles are completed. If another rescuer is
present, he or she may substitute ad continue the cycles if the first
rescuer is exhausted.
- If medical assistance arrives before 5 cycles are done, inform the medic
on the number of cycles you have performed so that he or she will allow
you to finish before they will take over.