HYPOTHESIS TESTING Chapter 8

By: Sarah Christine

WITH TWO SAMPLE (sarahctamaria@gmail.com)
HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH
TWO SAMPLE
1.  Testing for the Difference between Mean (Independent Samples, and Known)
2. Testing for the Difference between Mean (Independent Samples, and Unknown)
3. Testing for the Difference between Mean (Dependent Samples)
4. Testing for the Difference between Proportions
 The population
standard deviation is 1
known

Independent Samples

Quantitative The population

(Means) standard deviation is 2
unknown

Hypothesis Dependent Samples

testing with 4
two samples

Qualitative 3
(Proportions)

Is the variable quantitative Are the samples dependent Is the population standard
or qualitative? or independent? deviation known?
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
TESTING FOR THE
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN)
DIFFERENCE
 (INDEPENDENT SAMPLES, BETWEEN MEAN
AND KNOWN)
1. Independent and Dependent Samples
2. An Overview of Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing
3. Two-Sample z-Test for the Difference Between Means
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 1
INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT SAMPLES
In this chapter, you will learn how to test a claim comparing parameters from two
populations.
Before learning how to test the difference between two parameters, you need to
understand the distinction between independent samples and dependent samples.
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 1
INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT SAMPLES
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 2
AN OVERVIEW OF TWO-
SAMPLE HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 2
AN OVERVIEW OF TWO-
SAMPLE HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 3
TWO-SAMPLE Z-TEST FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MEANS
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 3
TWO-SAMPLE Z-TEST FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MEANS
Parameter is no longer 1 mean, but the difference between mean:
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 3
TWO-SAMPLE Z-TEST FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MEANS
To change the parameter into the standardized test:
8.1 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND KNOWN) - 3
TWO-SAMPLE Z-TEST FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MEANS Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
8.2 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND UNKNOWN)
TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE
 BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND UNKNOWN)
1. The Two-Sample t-Test for the Difference Between Means
8.2 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND UNKNOWN)

THE TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST FOR THE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
8.2 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND UNKNOWN)

THE TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST FOR THE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
8.2 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN (INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES, AND UNKNOWN)

THE TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST FOR THE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
8.3 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
1. The t-Test for the Difference Between Means
8.3 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
To perform a two-sample hypothesis test with dependent samples, you will use a
different technique. You will first find the difference d for each data pair.

These conditions are necessary to conduct the test.

1. The samples are randomly selected.
2. The samples are dependent (paired).
3. The populations are normally distributed or the number n of pairs of data is at
least 30.
8.3 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
8.3 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES)
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEAN
(DEPENDENT SAMPLES) Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)
Athlete Before After d
1 24 26 -2 4
3. Find the test statistics (z- 2
2 22
22 25
25 -3
-3 9
9
stat or t-stat) 3
3 25
25 25
25 0
0 0
0
4
4 28
28 29
29 -1
-1 1
1
5
5 35
35 33
33 2 4
2 4
6 32 34 -2 4
6 32 34 -2 4
7 30 35 -5 25
7 30 35 -5 25
8 27 30 -3 9
8 27 30 -3 9
Total -14 56
Total -14 56
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion
8.4 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
1. Two-Sample z-Test for the Difference Between Proportions
8.4 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
8.4 TESTING FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
TESTING FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROPORTIONS
 Rejection Region or Critical Value Approach
Basic steps:
1. State the hypothesis
2. Find the significance
level (and the critical
value, z-crit or t-crit)

3. Find the test statistics (z-

stat or t-stat)

4. Make a decision of
“reject H0” or “fail to
reject H0”
5. Draw conclusion