RAIN WATER HARVESTING

BUILDING SERVICE I

SUBMITTED BY:
NAZNEEN KARNA
075BAR026
 INTRODUCTION
 Rainwater harvesting is the storing of
rainwater during the monsoon season
for the purpose of using it during periods
of water scarcity.
 It is a process used for collecting and
storing rainwater for human use.
 In this process, rain water is accumulated
and stored with the intention of reusing
it during the dry season or a drought.
 With rapid climatic changes, increase in
global temperature and population
growth, there is a scarcity of potable
water in many countries across the
world.
 The gradual falling of water levels, not
only causes shortage of usable water but
also causes imbalance in salinity in
coastal areas
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 Rapid industrialization and disposing chemical waste into water-bodies
leads to pollution of rivers, lake and water-bodies. This is a global
problem and needs a speedy solution. The supply of fresh water in this
planet cannot be increased. So an alternative method must be sought
for. One such method is harvesting rainwater.
 Rainwater harvesting is an easy and economical way to deal with this
crisis.
 Rain water harvesting leads to eco-conservation and constructive use of
natural resource.
 Falling water tables are widespread and most people in urban areas are
dependent on bottled water which is neither cost-effective nor
dependable.
 The possibility of pollution cannot be completely ruled out. The question
of water security is at present a major issue in many parts of the world.
One way to deal with this crisis is to adopt rainwater harvesting.
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 IMPORTANCE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

 Can be a permanent solution to the water crisis in the

place with sufficient rain but insufficient groundwater
supply and surface water resource.
 It can be utilized for human consumption, by animals
and also for farming where surface pollution is
comparatively low
 Ideal solution for farmers who depend on monsoon for
consistent water supply.

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 Helps in the reduction of rise to water-borne diseases and high rate of
infant mortality caused by the consumption of polluted water due to
the lack of clean water
 Help in irrigation with minimum use of technology and is therefore cost

effective.
 Help farmers to prevent their crops from drying due to lack of water.

 Creates a sense of social responsibility and awareness about the

environment.
 Can be stored for future use.

 This also helps to raise the level of ground water which then can be

easily accessible. When fed into the ground level wells and tube well
are prevented from drying up.
 Increases soil fertility.

 Checks surface run off of water and reduces soil erosion.

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FACTORS AFFECTING RAINWATER
HARVESTIN
 Several factors play a vital role in the amount of water
harvested.
 Some of these factors are:
 The quantum of runoff

 Features of the catchments

 Impact on the environment

 Availability of the technology

 The capacity of the storage tanks

 Types of the roof, its slope and its materials

 The frequency,  quantity  and the quality of the rainfall

  The speed and ease with which the Rainwater penetrates

through the subsoil to recharge the groundwater 5

 COMPONENTS

 Rainwater harvesting systems consists of the following

components:
 Catchment- Used to collect and store the captured

Rainwater.
 Conveyance system – It is used to transport the harvested

water from the catchment to the recharge zone.

 Flush- It is used to flush out the first spell of rain.

 Filter – Used for filtering the collected Rainwater and

remove pollutants.
 Tanks and the recharge structures: Used to store the

filtered water which is ready to use.

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 METHODS OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING

 The different methods of rainwater harvesting

include:
 Rooftop rainwater harvesting.
 Surface runoff harvesting.
 First flush.
 Transportation.
 Catchment.
 Filter.

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 SURFACE RUNOFF
RAINWATER HARVESTING
METHOD
 It is a method of collecting
rainwater flowing along the
ground during the rains and
collecting to a tank below the
surface of the ground for
irrigation and other
purposes.
 It is a very easy to adopt
technology and very
profitable
 The main objective of surface
runoff rainwater harvesting
method is to meet the
increasing demand of water,
to reduce water pollution,
soil erosion and flooding of
roads. 10
 ROOFTOP RAINWATER
HARVESTING
 Rooftop rainwater harvesting is a method of
collecting rain water where it falls and in
which rain water is captured from the roof
catchments of domestic houses or
commercial buildings and stored in the
tanks
 Harvested rain water can either be stored
in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge
system to meet the household/commercial
needs through storage in tanks.
 This method is simple, eco-friendly, less
expensive and truly effective.
 involves diverting and recharging (or)
storing rainwater that falls on the roof of a
house/building.
 The main objective of rooftop rain water
harvesting is to make water available for
future use, to improve quality of ground
water and etc. 11
 Components of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

 There are the following components in rooftop

rainwater harvesting as given below;
 Catchment
 Transportation
 First Flush
 Filter

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 CATCHMENT
 It is the surface that receives
rainfall directly and it may be
a courtyard, terrace, or
unpaved or paved open
ground.
 The terrace may be a flat RCC
or sloping roof or stone roof,
so the area which actually
contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system is called
catchment.

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 TRANSPORTATION

 To take water pipes or drains to

the storage/harvesting system
rainwater from the rooftop
should be carried down and
water pipes should be UV
resistant of the required
capacity.
 Through gutters and down take
the pipe water from sloping
roofs could be caught and the
mouth of each drain should
have wire mesh to restrict
floating material at terraces.
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 FIRST FLUSH
 The first flush device is used to
avoid contaminating storable or
rechargeable water by the
probable contaminants of the
atmosphere and the catchment
roof and to flush-off the water
received in the first shower.
 During dry seasons it will also help
in cleaning of silt and other
material deposited on the roof and
at the outlet of each drainpipe,
provisions of first rain separators
should be made 15
 FILTER

 For the treatment of water to effectively

remove turbidity, color, and
microorganisms filters are used and
water should pass through filters after
the first flushing of rainfall.
 On top of the storage tank gravel, sand,
and netlon mesh filter are designed and
placed
 This filter is very important in keeping the
rainwater clean in the storage tank as it
avoids silt, dust, leaves, and other organic
matter from entering the storage tank
 After every rainfall event, the filter media
should be cleaned.
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ADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

 The benefits of rainwater harvesting system are

listed below:
 It is cost-effective
 Conserves water
 Helps in reducing the water bill.
 Decreases the demand for water.
 Promotes both water and energy conservation.
 Improves the quality and quantity of groundwater.
 Does not require a filtration system for landscape
irrigation.
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 This technology is relatively simple, easy to install
and operate.
 A source of water for landscape irrigation
 It is a simple method and easy to practice
 It reduces soil erosion and pollution of water
bodies due to fertilizers and pesticides

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 DISADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

 The disadvantages of rainwater harvesting

system are listed below:
 Unpredictable rainfall, unavailability of the proper
storage system, etc.
 Regular maintenance is required.
 Requires some technical skills for installation.
 Limited and no rainfall can limit the supply of
rainwater.
 If not installed correctly, it may attract mosquitoes and
other waterborne diseases.
 One of the significant drawbacks of the rainwater
harvesting system is storage limits.
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THANK YOU!!!