Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Periodic Table
Periodic Table
PERIODIC
TABLE
PERIODIC
When something
occurs at regular
intervals
(you can predict what
happens / comes next)
So what makes the
periodic table periodic?
ATOMIC
NUMBER!!!
(across the chart)
PERIODIC LAW
The properties of the
elements are a
periodic function of
their atomic numbers
.
PERIOD
All of the elements
in a horizontal
row
GROUP
All of the elements
in a vertical
column
(aka Family)
Dmitri Mendeleev
(1834-1907)
• Good Conductors
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
s group
2
• Inert gases
(not reactive)
• 8 valence electrons
Classifications by e- Configuration
• Noble Gases: p6
• Representative Elements: s or p
(not p6)
• Transition Metals: “d-block”
• Inner Transition Metals: “f-block”
Stability of e -
configurations
OCTET
The eight outer
electrons in an
atom
FACT:
Atoms with full outer
energy levels are very
stable (less reactive)
OCTET RULE
If an atom has 8
electrons in its outer
energy level, it is
unreactive (save He)
Pretend we had a sub-
energy level with 8
electrons. When
would it be most
stable?
(The egg carton example)
FACT #2:
Atoms with filled,
half filled, or empty
sub-energy levels are
slightly more stable
Check out PT on
pages 392-393.
Look at Cu. What is
the e configuration?
-
[Ar] 4s 3d …why???
1 10
The atom is more
stable if it has a full
“d” sub-energy level
and a ½ full “s” sub-
energy level
Check out the PT on
page 392-393.
Look at Gd. What is
the e configuration?
-
[Xe] 6s 4f 5d …why???
2 7 1
To Review…How do we make
sub energy levels more stable?
(shielding effect)
The ionization
energy
INCREASES across
a period
(more p have more pull on e )
+ -
ELECTRON
AFFINITY
how much an atom
desires another
electron
The electron affinity
DECREASES as you
go down a family
(shielding effect)
The electron affinity
INCREASES
across a period
(except for the noble gases)
(shielding effect)
The electronegativity
INCREASES across a
period