Translation Studies

• A field of study that deals with theory, description and applying

translation (academic study of translation).
j. Holmes map
 Descriptive Translation Studies DTS
• this branch tries to describe what translations are
1. Product-oriented DTS: are of translation which describes the
existing of translation. (studies the general history of translation)
2. Function-oriented DTS: study the context not the text (studies
where, what and when the text got translated).
3. Process-oriented DTS: focus on the process of translation, what
happen inside the mind of the translator when translating.
(psychological study of translation)
 Theoretical Translation Studies (Translation
Theories)
• The aim is to describe and explain translation based on the DTS
1. General: general study of translation like (feminism, Marxism, ideologies, post-colonialism)
2. Partial: restrictions and boundaries of translation process
a) Medium restricted theories: who did the translation, a machine or aa human?
b) Area restricted theories: restriction based on specific languages and cultures (English-
Arabic), (English- Japanese)
c) Rank restricted: the level of words or sentence.
d) Text-type or discourse type restricted: based on the text type, business, literary, medical.
e) Time restricted: specific time and periods
f) Problem restricted: concerned with a problem in the general translation theories.
 Applied translation studies

• Training: teaching methods and techniques, curriculum design (like

teaching students translation).
• Aids: dictionaries, google translation, grammar translation
• Criticism: evaluation students’ translation or other works of
translations.