ROUTING $ SWITCHING

PREPARED BY: ENG-ZADIK

 TCP/IP ADDRESSING
 PROTOCOL: set of rules to follow to have proper communication.
 NETWORK PROTOCOLS:
 TCP/IP: Department of Defense
 IPX/SPX: NOVELL
 APPLETALK: APPLE
 NETBIOS: MICROSOFT
 OSI: ISO
What is TCP/IP
 TCP/IP is standard protocol used between computers and network devices for
communication
 Internetwork based on TCP/IP
TCP/IP addressing
 IP address is logical address given to each and every device in the network
 Ip address is used to identified specific device in the network.
 Two versions of IP:
 IP version 4 (32 bit)
 IP version 6 (64 bit)
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
 ON IP Version 4 host communications three different ways:
1. Unicast: the process of sending a packet from one host to individual host
2. Broadcast: the process of sending a packet from one host to all host in the
network.
3. Multicasting: the process of sending a packet from one host to a selected group of
hosts, possibly in different network.
 Class D 224-239 Reserved for multicasting
 SUBNET-MASK
 Subnet-mask: differentiates network and host portion
 1 represent a network
 0 represent a host

 CLASS A N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0

 CLASS B N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
 CLASS C N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
PUBLIC IP ADDRESS PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
Is used on public network Used with the LAN or within
Organization
Recognized on internet Not recognized internet
Given by service provider (from IANA) Given by the administration
Globally unique Unique with network or organization
Pay to service provider free
Registered Unregistered

PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
There are certain addresses in each class of IP address that are reserved for private
networks. These addresses are called private address
CLASS A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
CLASS B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
CLASS C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
 MEDIA TYPES

 Copper cables (UTP and Coaxial)

 Fiber-optic cables
 Wireless (RF signals)
 UTP CABLE
 Used for connecting device within network.
 Support distance maximum 100 meter
 Straight or cross cable based on alignment of wires inside RJ-45 Jack
SWITCH PART
 CISCO SWITCH

 Provide centralized location to connect device within LAN.

 HUB
It has no intelligence
It always do broadcast
It works with 0’s and 1’s
It has one broadcast domain
It has one collision domain
It works with shared bandwidth
SWITCH
It has intelligence device and
maintain mac-address table
It uses broadcast and unicast
It works with physical address
It has 1 broadcast domain by default
Number of collision domain depends
on number of ports
It works with fixed bandwidth
 TYPES OF SWITCH

1. MANAGED SWITCH:
 Plug and play (connect and use)
 It has console port and cli access
 We can verify and modify configuration and can implement and test some
advance switching.
2. UNMANAGEABLE SWITCH:
 Plug and play (connect and use)
 No configuration and verification can be done
 There is no console port
 CISCO HEIRARCHICAL DESIGN

1. ACCESS LAYER: (1900 $ 2900) Layer 2 switches

2. DISTRIBUTION LAYER: 3550, 3560, 3750 (L3 switch or multilayer switch)

3. CORE LAYER: 6500, 4500 (layer 3 switch or multilayer switch)

TERMINAL EMULATION PROGRAMM

 Software available for connecting network device

1. Hyber terminal
2. Putty
3. SecureCRT
4. Tera term
 LAN PORTS RJ45
 ETHERNET: 10Mbps
 FAST ETHERNET: 100Mbps
 GIGABIT ETHERNET: 1000Mbps

CONSOLE PORT
RJ45 port
Local administration, iniatial configuration and password recovery
 SWITCHING MODES
Three types of Switching Mode :
 • Store & Forward
– A Default switching method for distribution layer switches.
– Latency : High
– Error Checking : Yes
 • Fragment Free
– It is also referred to as Modified Cut-Through
– A Default Switching method for access layer switches.
– Latency : Medium
– Error Checking : On 64 bytes of Frame
 • Cut through
– A Default switching method for the core layer switches
– Latency : Low
– Error Checking : No
 AUXILARY PORT:
 Its RJ45 port
 Is used for remote administration
 INTERNAL COMPONENTS

1. ROM: loads bootstrap program and search for IOS (flash, TFTP server)
2. Flash: stores IOS
3. NVRAM: stores configurations (permanent)
4. RAM: stores configuration (Temporary)
 MODES ON CISCO SWITCH

1. USER MODE: some basic monitoring switch>

2. Privilege Mode: monitoring and some troubleshooting
switch#
3. GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE: all configuration that effect the switch
globally
switch(config)#
4. INTERFACE MODE: configuration done specific interface
switch(config-if)#
 BASIC CONFIGUARION

 Switch> ?
 Switch> show flash
 Switch> show version
 Switch> show ip interface brief

PRIVILEDG MODE
All show command copy, erase command
 Switch> enable
 Switch# show version
 Switch# show interface status
 CONFIGURATION MODE
 Switch#
 Switch# configure terminal
 Switch(config) hostname CCNA
 CCNA(config)#banner motd ‘please don’t enter password without permission’
ASSIGNING CONSOLE PASSWORD
ASSIGNING AUXIALRY PASSWORD