SAFETY AND HEALTH

AT WORKPLACE
MODULES CONTENT

⚫1. OSH Management

⚫2. Hazards Identification
⚫3. Personal Protective Equipment – PPE
⚫4. Safety Signages
1.0 OSH MANAGEMENT
OSH MANAGEMENT

⚫INCIDENT AND CAUSES

●What is an INCIDENT?
Incidents is UNEXPEXTED, UNPLANNED event
in a sequence of events that occur through a
combination of causes which results in
physical harm (injury, ill-health or disease) to
an individual, damage to property, a near-
miss, a loss of any combination of these
effects.
OSH MANAGEMENT
⚫WHY PREVENT AN INCIDENT?
1.Legal Reasons
a) OSHA 94

2.Moral issue
a) Incidents cause suffering not only for the worker
but also to their families

3.Business reasons
a) Organizations image
b) Productivity
OSH MANAGEMENT

⚫PRODUCTIVITY ASPECTS OF SAFETY

1.Insurance recovery costs.
2.Iceberg theory
3.Unsecured costs were between 8 and 36
times greater than the cost of insurance
premium paid at the time.
 OSH MANAGEMENT
⚫GROUP ACTIVITIES
❑ The HIDDEN cost to an accident
OSH MANAGEMENT
⚫HIDDEN COSTS

1.Assisting injured employee

2.Idle workers because of disrupted work
3.Work delays and work reassignment
4.Loss in productivity and quality
5.Worker recruitment problem
6.Cost of replacing a worker and training
7.Accident investigation time
HIDDEN COSTS
8. Paper works
9. Loss of income
10. Repair or replacement of damaged
equipment
11. Loss of materials or finished works
12. Accident site clean up
13. Possible overtime expense due to work
delays
HIDDEN COSTS

14. Explaining to DOSH

15. Possible payment of FINES
16. Loss of profit
17. Supervisors time diverted
18. Temporary labour
19. Loss of expertise / experience supplies
2.0 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION &

RISK ASSESSMENT
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
⚫HAZARDS
❑A source or situation with a potential for
harm in terms of human injury or ill
health, damage to property, damage to
the environment or a combination of
these
⚫DANGER
❑Relative exposure to hazards
 HAZARDS
⚫CLASSIFICATION
1.Mechanical
2.Electrical
3.Biological
4.Chemical
5.Ergonomics
6.Psychosocial
RISK ASSESSMENT
⚫RISK
❑A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazards event with
specific period or in specific circumstances
and the severity of injury or damage to
health of people, property, environment
or any combination of these cause by the
event.
RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

⚫RISK = SEVERITY X LIKELIHOOD

SEVERITY
1.Negligible Injuries ( First Aid)
2.Minor Injuries ( Less than 4 days MC)
3.Major injuries ( More than 4 days MC)
4.Permanent Disability or Fatality
RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

⚫LIKELIHOOD (PROBABILITY)

1.Highly unlikely (Yearly)

2.Unlikely ( Monthly)
3.Likely (Weekly)
4.Very likely ( Daily)
3.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
⚫CAUTION !!!
❑PPE is often the first thing people think
about to protect employees. Instead it
should be the last resort…

❑In certain situations PPE is the only way

that workers can stay out of harm.
PPE SIGNAGE
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
⚫Personal Protective
Equipment – PPE

⚫Safety Helmet
⚫Ear plug
⚫Ear muff
⚫Google
⚫Face mask
⚫Coverall
⚫Apron
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

⚫Chemical
resistance suit
⚫Fire resistance
suit
⚫Safety shoes
⚫Hand gloves
DANGEROUS CLOTHING
⚫Neck tie
⚫Long sleeves
⚫Long hair
⚫Neck lace
⚫Buckles
⚫Torn clothing
⚫Untidy clothing
 GROUP ACTIVITIES

LIST ALL OF PPEs AND ITS FUNCTIONS