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Hurdle Technology Presentation
Hurdle Technology Presentation
ON
HURDLE TECHNOLOGY
COURSE NAME: RECENT TRENDS IN FOOD ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY:
MAITRAYEE DAS
HRIK BHATTACHARYA
UTPALAKSHYA DAS
SHIKHAPRIYOM GOGOI
INTRODUCTION
Also called
combined process
combined methods
combination preservation
combination technique or
barrier technology
Hurdle in a food- Substance or process inhibition
deteriorating process
aw (water
Preservativeactivity)
s
pH
(acidificat
ion)
Competitive
micro flora
HURDL
ES F (heat
treatment)
Modified
atmosphere
T (low
temperature)
Eh (reduced
oxygen
potential)
Hurdle Technology
2. Food 1. Microbial
poisoning Spoilage
PRINCIPLE OF HURDLE TECHNOLOGY
1) PASTEURIZATION
Mild heat treatment (e.g., 63oC for 30 min; 100oC for 12sec)
High product quality destroys vegetative pathogens (disease-causing
microbes)
Reduces total microbial load, increases shelf-life
Does not destroy spores (dormant stage of some bacteria)
Usually combined with other hurdles (e.g., refrigeration)
2) STERILIZATION
Complete destruction of microorganisms
Severe heat treatment (equivalent to several min at 121.1oC) destroys
spores
Gives "shelf-stable" product
Some nutrient, quality destruction (colour, flavour, texture)
LOW TEMPERATURE
1) Refrigeration
Ideally 0⸰C to 4⸰C for most foods short-term preservation (days to weeks)
High product quality (fresh, minimally processed
Slows down microbial growth, respiration ,enzyme / chemical reactions
Some pathogens can grow (e.g., C. botulinum (typeE), Listeria).
2) Freezing
The hurdle technology works in four different mechanisms, and they are as follows:
HOMEOSTASIS:
Homeostasis is the tendency to uniformity and also stability in the internal status of organisms.
Hurdle technology introduces hurdles such as preservatives, low water activity, etc to disturb
the internal status of microorganisms.
This approach of hurdle technology is to create a hostile environment for the microorganisms
which would cause auto-sterilization of a food product.
This was first observed in an experiment where liver sausage adjusted to different water
activities by addition of fat, salt and inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes and stored at
37ºC. Clostridial spores surviving heat treatment vanished at storage.
This behavior led to an interesting observation that spore counts decrease in stable hurdle
technology foods during storage.
When the storage temperature of the food during storage is elevated, antimicrobials are
present, and other conditions for microbial growth are brought to its threshold, the
microorganisms try to maintain their homeostatsis by using repair mechanisms and use up all
energy and metabolically get exhausted and die.
When microorganisms die by exhausting their metabolic energy, the food is auto sterilized
making it more safe for consumption.
STRESS REACTIONS:
Stress reactions are those reactions which occur when microorganisms generate stress
shock proteins to cope with external stress such as water activity, pH, oxidative
compounds, as well as starvation.
These reactions are have non-specific effect so even a single stress can make these
microorganisms alert and generate stress shock proteins.
The various responses of microorganisms to cope with stress may hamper this
approach of hurdle technology but activation of genes for synthesis of stress shock
proteins becomes difficult if different stresses are received at the same time.
Multitarget preservation of foods should be the ambitious goal for a gentle but most
effective preservation of foods.
A synergistic effect could be achieved if the hurdles in a food hit, at the same time,
different targets (e.g., cell membrane, DNA, enzyme systems,etc.) within the microbial
cells and thus disturb the homeostasis of the microorganisms.
Then repair of homeostasis and activation of stress shock proteins become more
difficult, so different hurdles hit different targets and achieve optimal microbial
stability.
A mild and effective preservation of foods, i.e. a synergistic effect of hurdles, is likely
if the preservation measures are based on intelligent selection and combination of
hurdles taken from different target classes.
Applications of Hurdle Technology in food products
The hurdle technology makes minimal sensory and nutritional changes in the product which
makes the product more valuable and acceptable than obtained by conventional methods and
has become a boon for the efficient preservation of food products.
Dairy products :
Hurdle technology has been applied in many dairy products to enhance their shelf life.
Shelf stable paneer can be prepared by applying various hurdles such as pH, aw, preservatives and Modified
Atmosphere Packaging (MAP).
Shelf life of hurdle treated paneer extended from one to twelve days at ambient temperature and six to
twenty days at refrigeration temperature.
Brown peda , a traditional Indian heat desiccated milk khoa based product have also been prepared and
preserved through hurdle technology.
Fruits & Vegetables :
The shelf life increased by one month at ambient temperature and by three
months at refrigerated temperature.
Hurdles such as marination, cooking and glycerol have been applied in the
production of shelf stable chicken lollipop.
New Chemical and Biochemical Hurdles:
1. Organic acids:
Acids and their salts are added to food to control the pH, to prevent
oxidation or to serve as preservatives.
Mode of action:
Mode of action:
Chelating with trace metal ions, binding of water and inhibition of various
enzymes.
5. Lactoferrin:
7. Electrolysed water:
Acid solution(pH<3,containing
EO(electrolysed oxidizing) highlyanreactive
water is produced by passing chlorine
NaCl solution based
across an
electrically charged membrane resulting in two different fractions.
compounds)
Alkaline solution(pH> 11, containing NaOH)
E.O. water