INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF

GLOBALIZATION
The students shall be able to:

• Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization

• Identify the underlying philosophies of the varying
definitions of globalization
• Agree on a working definition of globalization for the
course
Globalization’s definition

• It is complex , multifaceted
because it deals with either
economic, political and
social dimensions. It is not
easy to define because it has
shifting nature. It can be
influenced by the people
who define it. In other
words, it is not static but a
dynamic process which
involves the unavoidable
integration of markets,
nation-states, and
technologies.
 DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION CAN BE
CLASSIFIED IN TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES
Theory 1: Homogeneity
 It refers to the increasing sameness in the world as
cultural inputs, economic factors, and political
orientations of the societies expand to create common
practices, same economies, and similar forms of
government.
• (E.G) People start to believe that democratic form of
government is the most suitable type of administering political
platforms and leadership in all countries. Monarchy and
dictatorship was viewed as a dissimilar idea from the majority.
Theory 2: Heterogeneity
It pertains to the creation of various cultural practices,
new economies, and political groups because of the
interaction of elements from different societies in the
world.
• (E.G) Strengthening concepts of woman empowerment all over
the world. Countries like Saudi Arabia that do not allow women
to drive cars on their own, are fighting for equality through
global support to change stagnant community norms and ideas.
 A. Competing conceptions of globalizations
These concepts will include the metaphors of globalization which deals with solid and liquid. It will discuss
the underlying ideas and principles of the topic.
Solidity refers to the globalization barriers that prevent movement of things. It can be natural or man-
made. Examples of natural solid are the different bodies of water, while a good example of man-made
solids are the Great Wall of China and Berlin Wall. Both of these walls were created to protect their
territory and prevent foreign invasion.
The increasing ease of movement of people, things, information and places in the contemporary world
pertains to "liquidity".
Through the presence of technologies and different social media platforms it is much easier to disseminate
different cultural, political and economic points of view. This will also include space and time as crucial
elements of globalization.
K-POP or Korean Pop Songs, influenced not only Asians but also differing races.
Globalization can take place through these two different metaphors. For example, foods are being
globalized. Think of the different foreign cuisine patronized and consumed by Filipinos. Examples are
kimchi, ramen, takoyaki, soju, etc.
B. Philosophies of the varying definition of Globalization

Globalization is inevitable and irreversible, no one is in-charge of

globalization. It also involves the liberalization and global
integration of markets. It aims to benefit everyone in the world.
The following philosophies were divided in Pro-globalization and
Anti-Globalization which cause the varying definition of
globalization.
Pro-globalization will involve neoliberal capitalism
and capitalism.
• The Neoliberal capitalism involves freeing
corporations from government control and
encourage capitalist to invest more on existing
industries, even on experimental and innovative
ones. Privatizing industries and services will
create opportunities for corporations to create
more wealth from almost sure profits and
possibly reduce the price of commodities as
competition between enterprises becomes
stiffer.
• Capitalism is an ideology based on profit motive.
Example is that people tend to buy stocks of
profitable companies, Third world countries
allow mining corporations to operate even in
places where the ecosystem is vulnerable for
"profit".
Anti-globalization
• This philosophy wants to end
the highly imbalanced system
of globalization that favors the
First world countries over
developing countries,
corporations over citizens and
communities, and profit-
seeking over environmental
sustainability. Ideas of altering
globalization, directing motive
to end capitalist production.
Globalization...
The best scholarly definition of globalization is provided
by Manfred Steger who described it as "the expansion
and intensification of social relations and consciousness
across world-time and across world-space.
The structure of globalization for this course will utilize
this multidimensional understanding of globalization.
EVALUATE

Answer the following question in your Edmodo.

1. What is the key definition of globalization in this course?

2. How does globalization integrate its varying definition?
3. How will you differentiate pro and anti-globalization?
•
EXTEND

• Select five most important things in your house, identify

whether it is made in the Philippine or it is from a foreign
brand.
• List the countries of origin of foreign-brand items.
• Discuss why certain products are made in the Philippines
while others are produced abroad.