HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Factors influencing growth and development

HEREDITY
ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGY &SEASONS
GENDER
NATIONALITY
NUTRITION
ENDOCRINE REGULATION
SOCIOECONOMIC INFLUENCE
ILLNESS OR DISEASES
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
 HEREDITY
Transmission of characters from parents to offsprings- DNA
Dental development and ossification - genetically controlled.
Timing of ossification-partly influenced by genetic & partly by
environment.
Outward evidence- gender,complexion,eye colour,shape of the
nose,
hair colour & quality.
Inwards traits-intelligence,immunity,quality of muscles,
bone,blood tissue.
Behavioural& temperamental traits-
laziness,short temper,cruelty,self -reliance- genetically determined
 ENVIRONMENT

• PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
• SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
• PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Physical Environment
• Physical Environment consists of physical elements where the patient is
being treated.
• It affects all other aspects of the environment.
• Cleanliness of environment relates directly to disease prevention and
patient mortality.
• Aspects of the physical environment influence the social and psychological
environments of the person
 Psychological environment

• Psychological environment can be affected by a negative physical

environment which then causes STRESS.
• It requires various activities to keep the mind active.
• It involves communication with the person, about the person, and about
other people.
 Social environment

• It includes components of the physical environment - clean air, clean water,

proper drainage.
• It consists of a person’s home or hospital room, as well as the total
community
 ECOLOGY & SEASONS

• CLEAN ECOLOGY- strongest pillar - human growth & development

• DEGRADE ENVIRONMENT- injurious to health,growth& development
• Global warming
• Pollution
• In Sppring- Growth in height faster
• InAutumn-Growth in weight faster
 Factors influencing growth and development

Gender
 The gender of the child is a major determinant among the factors
affecting physical
 Growth and development of a child. Boys and girls grow in
different ways, especially nearing Puberty.
 Boys tend to be taller and physically stronger than girls. However,
girls have faster growth during adolescence and excel boys who
mature over a longer period of time.
 The physical structure of their bodies also has differences which make boys more
athletic and suited for physical rigours.
 Their temperaments also vary making them show interest in different things.
 Nationality
The country in which children live has a great influence on the
individuals that they turn out to be.
The schools they attend, neighbourhood and opportunities offered by the
community are some of the social factors affecting child development.
Living in an enriching community plays a role in how much the child is
involved with the community.
Uninteresting communities can push some children to not go outside
often but play video games at home instead.
What part of the world you live in has cultural factors that shape the
child’s thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours. Even the weather of a place
influences children.
 Nutrition

 Nutrition is a critical factor in growth as everything the body needs to

build and
 repairitself comes from the food we eat. Malnutrition can cause
deficiency diseases that
 adverselyaffect the growth and development of children. On the other
hand, overeating can
 lead
to obesity and health problems in the long run, such as diabetes
and heart disease. A
 balanced diet that is rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates
and fats is essential
 for the development of the brain and body.
ENDOCRINE REGULATION
SOCIOECONOMIC INFLUENCE
 SOCIO ECONOMIC INFLUENCE

• Different socio economic influence levels differ in average body size at all
ages.
• Nutrition
• Home conditions.
• Size of family.
• In a large family.
 Illness or disease.

• severe illness in infancy.

• grow to a shorter height.
• A child may be born naturally healthy.
• if not protected against disease- likely to fall prey to deadly diseases.
• Immunization- fuller growth and development.
 Psychological factors.

• Psychological factors -anxieties, tensions, frustrations, stresses and strains

impact human growth very seriously.
• Children are often under too much stress - iron discipline at school,
burdensome academic works, few oppurtunities for free play.
• Career conscious parents- more and more time to studies ,manage mental
stress- affects child growth and development