DPV 2052

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH

DIPLOMA IN PROCESS PLANT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

(INSTRUMENATATION & CONTROL)

BY
ROHAIDAH BINTI MAHIDIN
 CHAPTER 2:
HEALTH ,SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT DEFINITIONS
2.1 Introduction to health, safety and environment
2.2 Definition of near miss, accident, injury, hazard
and risk
2.3 Safety documentation and processes
2.4 Occupational safety and health Law and
Regulation
2.5 Penalties for not Complying with the Basic
Element of OSHA
2.6 Environmental Quality Act 1974
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Impart to students the knowledge, skills

and understanding of safety, health and
environment.
• Introduced the students to the important of
safety documentation.
• Exposed the student with OSHA and NIOSH.
• Introduced the students to the Air Quality
Acts.
 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH, SAFETY AND
ENVIRONMENT

2.1.1 Definition of Health, safety and Environment

Health:
• Health is metabolic efficiency.
• Sickness is metabolic inefficiency.
• Nobody is totally healthy or totally sick. Each of us is
a unique combination of health and sickness. And
each of us has a unique combination of abilities and
disabilities, both emotional and physical.
Safety:
 The prevention of accidents through the use of
appropriate technologies to identify the hazard of a
chemical plant and eliminate them before an
accident occurs.

Environment:
 The aggregate of social and cultural conditions that
influence the life of an individual.
 2.2 DEFINITION OF NEAR MISS, ACCIDENT,
INJURY, HAZARD AND RISK
There are a differences between some terms related to the safety.
The detailed meaning and differences are discussed below.

Near Miss

 A Near-Miss is an opportunity to improve safety, health,

environmental and security of an operation based on a condition
or an incident with potential for more serious consequence.
@
 A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury,
illness, or damage – but had the potential to do so.
Accidents
 An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly
and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or
injury.
@
 In general, an unplanned, unexpected, and
undesigned (not purposefully caused) event which
occurs suddenly and causes
(1) injury or loss,
(2) a decrease in value of the resources, or
(3) an increase in liabilities.
Injury

 The cut, sprain or burn that results from

a work accident. It may cause from a
single instantaneous exposure in the
work environment. "Injury" refers to the
result, not the event.
Hazard
 Anything can cause harmful
Risk
Chances/ probability of harm being done
 2.3 Safety Documentation and
Processes
 A wide variety of documentation is used in process
safety management. Document used include policies
and procedures, plans, manuals, drawings, diagrams,
charts, guidelines, checklists, data sheets, logs,
records, work orders, reports, forms such as those
used in permit-to-work and management of change
and training materials.
 Users of documentations bring those many attributes
that should be considered when designing and
developing documentations, including skilled and
knowledge, abilities, habits, mindsets, experiences,
motivations, attitudes, culture and social conditioning.
 CONT…..
 There is a trend toward increased use of electronic media for
documentation. For example, companies are using electronic
operating procedures and converting legacy information into
on-line manuals and help systems.

 However, electronic documentation is less expensive to

produce, distribute and maintain. It is also easy up-date,
easily found, instantly accessible and offers efficient
navigations techniques.

 It is important that documentation be kept up-to-date and a

document management system should be used to help ensure
this happens.
 CONT…..

 Similar documents should use consistence formats.

The form of documents is also important because it
impacts on how effectively they can be used.

 For example, if work must be carried out in difficult

or hostile environment, hard copy media may need
to be protected using plastic lamination.
 CONT…..
 In some cases, controlled documentation is used to
ensure that the correct version is used and possibly to
limit access to authorized users.

 Controlled documents should be used judiciously since

they create various problems such as the need to
ensure all copies are updated when changes are
made.

 The designation of electronic versions as the

controlled versions can help overcome these
problems.
 2.4 Occupational Safety and Health
Law and Regulation

-In safety related issues, the most important act that

needs to be stressed is Occupational Safety and
Health Act (OSHA, Act 512).

-Responsible to :-
ensure safety and health in the working place, and
it depends on the person who create the risks and
other people who are working on that risks.
WHAT YOU THINK??