Heat

What is heat?

Just like sound and

light, heat is a form
of Energy
 Heat as Energy

Everything is made of
particles

Heat is caused when

particles vibrate

The more they vibrate

the hotter that object
is
 Temperature

What units do we use to

measure temperature?

Degrees Celsius (oC)

Or sometimes

Degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

 Heat Flows

Heat always flows from where it is hotter

to where it is cooler

If you place a cold object in a hot

environment heat will flow in to it

If you place a hot object in a cold

environment heat will flow from it
 Microwaves
Microwave Rays heat
up anything that
contains water
0:00

M ic Water particles are

row
Ra ave made to vibrate
ys

Water Particles
Conduction

Metals are good

If weconductors
apply heat to a
metal the electrons will
This
pass is
heat
because
energythey
across
are
made ofthe
atoms
atoms
with free
electrons
Conduction

Non-metals are bad

conductors
This is because they
don’t have free electrons
to pass on energy
 Immersion Heaters

We get hot water

out of the tap
because of
immersion heaters

Immersion heaters
use conduction to
heat water we want
to use
 Hot Water
Out

Insulating
Material Immersio
n Heaters

Cold
Water In
 Insulation

An insulating material
is very bad at absorbing
heat

This means it can trap

in heat in places like
our homes or in Asbestos is a
immersion heaters very good
insulator
 Convection

Convection is a heat
transferring process
that occurs in liquids
and gases

It even happens
beneath the earths
crust
 Potassium
Permanganate
is a dye which
can be used to
show how
convection
transfers
heated
particles
Convection

Convection
Currents

HEAT
 Radiation

Instead
Spaceheat
is a is
vacuum
transferred
so
there
by infra-red
are no particles
radiationfor
which
heat istointransfer
the form
byof
convection
waves of or energy
conduction
 Radiation

Infra-red rays are just like light rays but

with a longer wavelength
This means they behave like light rays

• They can travel through vacuum

• Move at 300,000,000 m/s
• Can be reflected
• Do not pass through opaque materials
 Radiation Absorption

Things that are black

in colour - absorb all
the light energy and
do not reflect any back
for us to see. This wolf can
absorb heat
better because
of his dark coat
 Radiation Reflection

Because radiation
exists as waves it can
be reflected off shiny
surfaces

Space blankets use this

to reflects someone's
own body heat back at
them to stop them
from cooling down
 It would not be
Instead we can
a good idea to
use infra-red
use a fire to
lamps which
T keep a barn
A project heat
warm...

HE
HE

AT
 Infra-Red Lights

Most light bulbs get

hot to touch if you
leave them on for a
long time

Infra-red light bulbs

are made to give off
infra-red rays which
produce lots of heat
Conduction
Convection Radiation
The transfer of energy by evaporation
and condensation involves particles
 What are the three ways in which energy is transferred?
Conduction (only occurs in
solids)
 Hot particles vibrate a lot

 Cool particles vibrate a little

 Convection (only occurs in fluids)

• A fluid is a liquid or a gas

• One part of the fluid gets heated – the
particles move around with more energy
• “Hot” particles are
more spaced out
so they are less
dense, and rise
•“Cool” particles
are closer together
so they are more
dense, and fall
 Radiation

• When heat is moved from one place to

another without using particles, it is
called radiation
• Heat radiation is infrared energy waves
 Radiation

• These energy waves can travel through

any type of material but can be blocked
by anything that is too thick or dense
• Heat radiation can travel through a
vacuum – this is how the heat from the
Sun reaches us
 Q&A
 A cotton sheet is ironed with a hot electric iron.
The energy transferred through the metal base of the iron to the sheet
by_______
 Conduction
 A method of heat transfer involves the energy travelling at a much
greater speed than in other methods.________
 radiation
Identify the processes below

 bread toasting under a grill ______________

 Conduction
 Energy from the Sun warming a road surface _________
 Radiation
 hot air rising to the top of a cool room_______________
 Convection
 thermal energy transfer through a copper bar ________
 Conduction
Select from the following words
convection condensation condenses radiation conduction conductors