“Idrak” lyceum Baku Campus

Class: 6
Subject: Science
Section: English
Teacher: Basira Gasimli
Topic: Forces and their effects
MYPScience

UNIT 7.Forces and

their Effects
 Contents

Forces and their Effects

Feel the force

Friction

Forces in water

Weight and mass

Summary
activities
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What are forces?
 What is a force?
A force is a push, pull or twist. A force cannot be seen
but you can see how a force affects an object.

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Force

Forces come in pairs

Forces have a magnitude (measured in Newtons) and a
direction
Forces are often represented with arrows that show the
direction and magnitude

Magnitude: 5N
5N, north (up)
Direction: north (up)
 Types of forces

All forces involve interactions

between objects. There are
several different types.

Gravity and magnetism

are forces that can act over
distances.

Friction and upthrust are

forces that involve direct
contact between objects.

All types of forces can occur whether objects are still or moving.

What forces are acting during this rocket launch?

 Balanced forces

There are two wind machines applying forces to the ice skater.
The forces acting on the skater are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction.
The forces are balanced, so they cancel each other out.
The skater does not move. Balanced forces do not
cause a change in motion.
 Unbalanced forces

What if only one wind machine is blowing on the skater?

The forces acting on her are no longer balanced so she will
start to move to the left. Her speed will change – this is called
acceleration.
Unbalanced forces are forces that are not equal in size
or are not opposite in direction
Unbalanced forces lead to a change in speed or
direction.
 When forces are balanced

balanced forces
10 N 10 N

If you link two forcemeters and pull equally hard from both
ends, the forces recorded on both will be the same.
The forces acting on the central hooks cancel each other
out
– they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Because the forces are balanced the hooks do not
move.
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 When forces are unbalanced

unbalanced forces
11 N 10 N
movement

What happens if the pull on one end is greater than the pull
on the other end?
The forces acting on the hooks are no longer balanced.
Both hooks will start to move to the left – their speed will
change. This is called acceleration.
Unbalanced forces lead to a change in speed or
direction.
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Balanced Forces

The ship is floating on

the water, the forces
are balanced. Which
forces are acting on the
ship?
Gravity (Water’s) Upthrust Because Gravity and
Upthrust are equal the
ship stays afloat.
Balanced Forces

The vase is resting on the table.

It is not moving, therefore the
forces must be balanced.
Which forces are acting on the
vase?

Have a look around the

classroom and name some of
the balanced forces in action
on different objects.
Gravity Table’s Upthrust
 Unbalanced Forces
Air resistance is pushing
upwards

The man and the parachute are

slowly falling to the ground.
Which forces are acting on the
parachute?
Which force is bigger? How can
you tell?
Gravity is the bigger force. We
can tell this because the direction
of movement of the man and the
Gravity is pulling the man to the ground parachute is the same as the
direction of the force of gravity.
 Unbalanced Forces
Air resistance is pushing upwards
Gravity is pulling to the ground
The same forces are acting on
the elephant but without a
parachute there is much less air
resistance.
Gravity is a much bigger force.
Because there is a bigger
difference between the force
pulling downwards and the force
pushing upwards the elephant
falls much more quickly than a
man with a parachute.
 Unbalanced Forces
The magnetic force is
pulling the paperclip
upwards The paperclip is jumping up
to the magnet.
Which forces are acting on
the paper clip? Which is the
greater force?

The magnetic force is

greater than the force of
Gravity is pulling gravity therefore the
the paperclip to paperclip moves in the
the ground direction of the biggest
force.
Unbalanced Forces

5 N, right + 10 N, right =15N, right

Forces

Each team is exerting a force – what happens if the pulling force

produced by each team is equal?

What would happen if the team on the left were able to produce
a bigger pulling force than the team on the right?
 Balanced or unbalanced forces?

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Balanced and unbalanced forces

Imagine a car traveling at a constant speed of 50 km/h.

The engine provides sufficient force to balance all the

frictional forces that are acting to decrease the speed.

500 N 500 N
Balanced and unbalanced forces

A crosswind acting on the car produces a sideways force.

500 N 500 N

100 N
cross wind
The crosswind causes the direction of the car to change
– this happens because the sideways forces on the car
are not balanced. The car will veer sideways.
If the car turns right so that the wind is now behind the
car, what will happen to the speed?
 Resultant force

The sum effect of more than one force is called the

resultant force.
The resultant force is calculated by finding the difference
between opposing forces in each direction.
What is the resultant force on this truck?
A resultant force of 100 N is accelerating the truck.

400 N 500 N
Balanced and unbalanced forces – summary

If the forces on an object are balanced:

 and the object is stationary, it will remain stationary
 and the object is moving, it will continue to move at
the same speed and in a straight line.
In other words, the object will continue to do what it is
already doing without any change.

If the forces are unbalanced, four things can happen:

 The speed can change.
 It can start moving.
 It can stop moving.
 It can change direction.
 Resultant forces – question 1

1. What is the resultant force on the satellite?

Resultant force = 20 N – 10 5N 5N
N

= 10 N down

The satellite will accelerate

downwards.

20 N
 Resultant forces – question 2

2. What is the resultant force on the bird?

The forces acting in each
direction horizontally are equal
in size, so there is no resultant
force in this direction.
Resultant force = 5 N – 5 N = 0 N

5N 5 N The vertical forces are not

balanced, the bird will accelerate
in a downwards direction.

5N Resultant force = 5 N – 0 N
= 5 N down
 Resultant forces – question 3

3. What is the resultant force on the yacht?

10 N

10 N
13 N 20 N

10 N
The vertical forces are equal in size and opposite in direction
so there is no resultant force in the vertical direction.
The horizontal forces are not balanced, so the yacht will
accelerate to the right.
Resultant force = (20 N +10 N) – 13 N
=
Science

THANKS FOR
WATCHING
MYP SCIENCE BASIRA GASIMLI
basiragasimli@gmail.com
“Idrak” lyceum Baku Campus

Class: 6
Subject: Science
Section: English
Teacher: Basira Gasimli
Topic: Friction and forces in water
Science

UNIT 7.2 FRICTION AND FORCES IN

WATER
 Contents

7K Forces and their Effects

Feel the force

Friction

Forces in water

Weight and mass

Summary
activities
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 What is friction?
If you rub your hands
together they get warm.
There is resistance to the
rubbing motion.
What is the name of this
resistive force called?

It is called friction.

What causes this force?

Your hands might look smooth, but on a microscopic level

they have rough surfaces. So when you rub your hands
together you feel the resistive force of friction.

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 More about friction
Friction always tries to slow moving objects down.
We say it opposes motion.

Friction is created whenever two touching objects or

surfaces move past each other.

Friction also occurs when things move through air.

This is called air resistance or drag.

There is a maximum value for the frictional force

which depends on:
 the force pushing the two surfaces together;
 the state of the surfaces in contact.

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 What are the sources of friction?
Label all sources of friction that can act on this bike.
brake pad
and rim
pedal bearing
wheel
bearing wheel bearing

air
Oneresistance
more? or “drag”
Probably
the most important…

links in chain
tyre and road
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 Effect of frictional forces

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 Contents

7K Forces and their Effects

Feel the force

Friction

Forces in water

Weight and mass

Summary
activities
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 Forces in water

What is thrust? The force that pushes an object forward.

The force that pushes an object upwards

What is upthrust?
in a liquid or a gas, also called buoyancy.

upthrust

thrust friction

weight

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 Ferry forces

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 Changing forces
The ferry arrives at Calais and is loaded with travellers.

What happens to the weight of the ship? increases

What happens to the upthrust on the ship?
increases
Which is the largest force - weight or upthrust? both equal

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 Contents

7K Forces and their Effects

Feel the force

Friction

Forces in water

Weight and mass

Summary
activities
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 What are mass and weight?

Mass and weight are not the same!

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is
measured in kilograms. Mass is not a force.
Mass will have the same value anywhere in the Universe,
including outer space.

Weight is a force and is caused by the pull of gravity

acting on a mass. Like other forces, weight is measured
in newtons and has both magnitude and direction.
Weight has different values depending on where you are
in the Universe.

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 Weight and mass on the Moon
The force of gravity is less on the
Moon than it is on Earth. This is
because the Moon has a smaller
mass than the Earth.
Any object will weigh less on the
Moon than it does on Earth.
An astronaut could jump 20 feet
into the air on the Moon because
gravity is less.
However, the astronaut still has the
same body and the same mass:
he just weighs less because
gravity is weaker on the Moon.

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 Talking about weight and mass

A scientist should never say:

“She weighs 50 kilograms,”
but should always say:
“She has a mass of
50 kilograms”.

Alternatively, the scientist

could say:
“The gravitational force acting on
her mass is about 500 newtons”.
This is the same as saying:
“Her weight is about 500 newtons”.
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 Weight and mass on different planets

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 Contents

7K Forces and their Effects

Feel the force

Friction

Forces in water

Weight and mass

Summary
activities
46 of 27 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
 Glossary

 a i r resistance – A frictional force that acts against an

object moving through air.

 force – A push or a pull, measured in newtons (N).

 friction – A force that occurs between two surfaces

rubbing against each other.

 gravity – The force of attraction between two

objects.

 mass – The amount of matter that an object is made

of, measured in kilograms (kg).

 thrust – A force that pushes an object forwards.

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 Missing words

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Science

THANKS FOR
WATCHING
MYP SCIENCE BASIRA GASIMLI
basiragasimli@gmail.com