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Day I - Introduction To Phonetic and Phonology SLIDE
Day I - Introduction To Phonetic and Phonology SLIDE
Day I - Introduction To Phonetic and Phonology SLIDE
Phonology
By
Natalia Anggrarini, S.Pd
Lecturer of FKIP
Wiralodra University
Definition
Language: what is language?
LINGUISTICS
GRAMMAR
SOUNDS
RULES
LINGUISTICS
LINGUISTICS
the science of The
the sound
language sounds of
system
Language
PHONETICS
the
combinatio PHONOLOGY
the
n of words structure
into of words
sentences MORPHOLOGY
the ways in
SYNTAX
which
sounds and
meanings
SEMANTICS are related
The rules of a language, also called grammar, are learned as one
acquires a language. These rules include phonology, the sound system,
morphology, the structure of words, syntax, the combination of words
into sentences, semantics, the ways in which sounds and meanings are
related, and the lexicon, or mental dictionary of words. When you know
a language, you know words in that language, i.e. sound units that are
related to specific meanings. However, the sounds and meanings of
words are arbitrary. For the most part, there is no relationship between
the way a word is pronounced (or signed) and its meaning.
- a sound source that sets the air in motion in ways specifically relevant to
speech production
the larynx where a set of muscles called the vocal folds (or vocal cords) are
located
The main portion of the larynx is formed by the thyroid cartilage, which rests
on the ring-shaped cricoid cartilage.
Fine sheets of muscle flare from the inner sides of the larynx, forming the
paired vocal folds (vocal cords).
The vocal folds are each attached to the thyroid cartilage at the front and to
the arytenoids cartilage at the back.
The vocal cords can be pulled apart or drawn closer together, especially at their
back or posterior ends, where each is attached to one of two small cartilages
the arytenoids.
As the air passes through the spaces between the vocal folds, which is called
the glottis, different glottal states are produced.
a. The larynx from the front
b. The larynx from the back
c. The larynx from above
The larynx in picture a, is a condition with the vocal folds open. The striated lines
indicate muscles, a number of which have been eliminated from the drawings to
show the cartilages more clearly
The air passages that make up the vocal tract are often
divided into three main parts:
- the oral tract
- the pharynx
- the nasal tract.
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Hard palate
Alveolar ridge
teeth
tongue Soft palate (velum)
lip
Uvula
Tip of the tongue
pharynx
Blade of the tongue
Front of the tongue
Back of the tongue
larynx
The principal parts of the lower surface of
the vocal tract
The tip and blade of the tongue are the most mobile parts.
The back of the tongue is beneath the soft palate, and the root
which is opposite the back wall of the pharynx.