Construction and Design of G+18

Apartment Building using Tunnel

Formwork Technology and Aluminium
Formwork for Monolithic Construction
Major Project

Guided By: External Guide

Mr. Robert Singh Mr. L. Suresh Kumar
• Rahul Kasaudhan 10775
• Manish Bhagat 10707
• Lekhnath Shrestha 10542
Presentation Outline
1 Introduction
Literature Survey with summary of
2 literature

3 Objective

4 Scope

5 Methodology

6 Discussion on Outcomes
Introduction
Tremendous demand for housing and accomodation in a limited area has increased the trend of
vertical expansion of the buildings. Taking the concepts of vertical expansion, CPWD has the proposed
Construction of 726 Nos. Residential Quarters(288 Nos. Type-II. 288 Nos. Type- III with stilt parking
& 150 Nos. Type- IV) for Customs/Central Excise Department at Ranganathan Gardens. Anna Nagar
West, Chennai, was entrusted to M/s. Geo Foundations and Structures (P) Ltd., Adyar, Chennai-600020,
by M/s. D.E.C Infrastructure and Projects Pvt. Ltd. For rapid construction for this project, Tunnel
formwork technology has been introduced instead of conventional method of construction.

Tunnel Formwork Technology is modern method of construction in which steel tunnels are used to
cast the slab and wall in a single time/operation. It is based on two half shells which are placed together
to form a room or cell. Several cells make an apartment. This is used for office buildings, apartments
and mostly the building which has repetitive units.
Tunnel Formwork system is manufactured by many companies. But Only two of them are used in
the Central Revenue Quarters i.e.
1. Neru Tunnel Formwork system
2. Mesa Tunnel Formwork system
 Project Overview
The main clients of this project are three main revenue-generating organizations of India i.e.
• Income tax department
The main clients of this project are three main revenue-generating organizations of India i.e.
• Customs department
• Income tax department
• GST department
• Customs department
These organizations have proposed the construction of 726 Nos residential flats of different types for employees according
• their
to GSTdesignation.
department
TheseCPWD(Central
Since organizationsPublic
have proposed the construction
Works Department) of 726organization
is the main Nos residential flats of different
for handling typesprojects
government for employees
in Indiaaccording
these
to their
three designation.
organizations have requested CPWD for completion of this project at Ranganathan gardens, Anna Nagar West, Chennai.
SinceCPWD
Again CPWD(Central
has givenPublic Works Department)
the contract is the main
to DEC Infrastructure organization forPvt.
& Projects(INDIA) handling government
Ltd. for projects
the execution of thisinproject
India these
but all
three
the organizations
materials have
used and requested
working CPWD
method for overlooked
is still completionand
of this projectby
approved at CPWD.
Ranganathan gardens,
Also, the AnnaofNagar
architects West, are
this project Chennai.
senior
architects from CPWD Chennai.
All theAgain CPWD has given
soil investigation workthe contract
is carried toby
out D.E.C
GeoInfrastructure
Foundations && Structures
Projects (INDIA) Pvt.Gandhi
Pvt. Ltd. Ltd. forNagar,
the execution of this project
Adyar, Chennai. Whereas but
all the materials
Jehovahking used and
Engineering working method
Consultants is Porur,
Pvt. Ltd. still overlooked
Chennai isand
theapproved by CPWD.
main structural Also, theand
consultant architects of this
all designs andproject
details are
are
seniorchecked
proof architects from
by Dr. CPWDMenon,
Devdas Chennai.Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras.
All the soil investigation work is carried out by Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd. Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, Chennai. Whereas
Jehovahking Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Porur, Chennai is the main structural consultant and all designs and details are
 
proof checked by Dr. Devdas Menon, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras.
 Literature
Review
Mr Taehoon Kim, et.al (2018): Formwork Management Based on Ubiquitous computing For High-Rise Building
construction: They studied on formwork  management based on ubiquitous computing for high rise building construction.
They study intends to develop a formwork management .They conclude that the ubiquitous computing has resulted to
improvement of management performance through real time monitoring and control.
Mr. Manas A. Shalgar, et.al (2020): Introduction to advanced TUNNEL Formwork system: case study of “Rohan-
Abhilasha” : They studied on introduction to advanced tunnel formwork system. They conclude that the "Time is money“
because the time loss is ultimately money loss as current situation of labour oriented to machine oriented and also They
shows that the formwork is the best factor where we can move from labour to machine .Also conclude that new emerging
technology which is beneficial than that of aluminum or mivan formwork.
MESA IMALAT (Member of MESA GROUP OF COMPANIES) (1978): Analysis And Design of Tunnel Formwork:
They studied about the behaviour of tunnel formwork and have introduced an innovative product which have been designed
and improved constantly by connecting experience with engineering skills.

Mr. Dillip Chaudhary et.al (2020) : Study of Tunnel Formwork System & Comparative Analysis with conventional
Formwork: They studied  on tunnel formwork system and comparative analysis with conventional formwork and also they
show the aim at focusing on the benefits and limitation of tunnel formwork in contrast to conventional formwork. Thus
changing the mindset of local construction industries that are still dependent on conventional formwork techniques.
Literature Summary

After studying various literature reviews it has been summarized that:

1. This method of construction is faster than conventional method i.e. one G+18 storey structure can be
completed in 7 months.

2. Although initial investment is higher for long terms tunnel formwork is 20% less economic than conventional
method.
Objective of Project

To. study and understand Shear Wall Concept

To learn about Tunnel Formwork Technology

To understand the problems and its rectification on construction site

To understand the difference between conventional method of

01 construction and rapid construction technology

02
03
04
Scope of Project Work

This formwork is limited as technique used is relatively new  to Indian construction industry further study could
be done in following:-

1. As this technology is mainly aims for cost and slab cycle time of formwork system, one can focus on increase in
productivity by using advance techniques in formworks.

2. To build one floor in 7 days and a G+18 building in 7 months including the substructure.
 Super Structure
Site Selection Methodology
Wall Reinforcement

Survey
Tunnel and Mivan
Formwork System

Soil Investigation
Slab Reinforcement

Plan and Design

Concreting Plastering

Sub Structure De shuttering of AAC Block work as

Formwork per plan

Pile Pile Cap

Chemical Curing Propping
Plinth Wall
Shear Wall
For rapid construction of structure shear wall and
loadbearing wall concept is used in this project. Shear wall are
main structural element of this kind of monolithic structure
where all load are carried from slab to wall and wall to grade
beam and followed to pile and ground. Reinforcement detailing
of shear walls are different at every 3 floor levels.
Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral
forces i.e. parallel to the plane of the wall. In other words, Shear
walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting
system. Lateral forces caused by wind, earthquake, and uneven
settlement loads, in addition to the weight of structure and
occupants, create powerful twisting (torsional) forces. This
leads to the failure of the structures by shear. Shear walls are
especially important in high-rise buildings subject to lateral
wind and seismic forces. 
Shear wall is a special type of concrete wall with
primary function to resist load by its shear strength.
Tunnel Formwork Technology
It is a formwork system introduced for rapid construction by making it easier in
casting walls and slabs of an RCC structure with a proper finish. In this method,
structures are built monolithically with shear walls for load-bearing.
Advantages:
1) Design: More accurate dimensions can be obtained because of the proper
design of formworks.
2) Quality: Monolithic elements of the building prevent thermal cracks and we
can obtain a smooth finish.
3) Time: It saves enough time as compared to the conventional method because
we can work within 24 hours of concreting and plastering time is also reduced.
4) Cost: It can be reused and early completion of the project helps to minimize
labour cost.
 
Drawbacks:
1) Because of the horizontal de shuttering process, it is not possible to construct cross
beams in the required area of the central structure.
2) It may not be economical for lesser than seven-storied buildings.
3) Requires high skilled manpower.
4) Requires cranes for shifting and fitting of tunnel formwork due to the huge weight of
the tunnel.
 
Solution:
1) To construct cross beams in the required area, aluminum formwork is coupled along
with tunnel formwork.
2) Research should be done in lightweight high strength materials to reduce the weight of
the tunnel so that it can be easily handled.
 
Conclusion:
Besides some limitations like crossbeams issue, requirements of high skilled manpower,
crane availability, tunnel form technology lead to accurate, speed, economical and proper
quality along with required strength of construction so, it is the need of modern time.
AutoCAD Plan

Fig: AutoCAD Plan of building Fig: AutoCAD Plan of a flat

Fig: AutoCAD Plan obtained from Industry
Slab Bar Bending Schedule

Fig: BBS of GS3 Slab

Wall Bar Bending Schedule

Fig: BBS of Wall no: 11

ETABS

Etabs is a powerful software used in

construction for structure analysis, analysis of
concrete shear walls and concrete moment frames.
We got Etabs file for the type IV building from
the industry and reviewed it and following data were
found:-
1. Maximum Storey Displacement.
2. Concrete Beam Design Information.
3. Load Cases/Load Combination/Modal Case.
4. Diagram for Spandrel beams with its moment.
5. Axial Force, Torsion, Shear and Moments of
frames and spandrels beam.
6. Seismic Response of Building in both X and Y
direction.
Story Response – Maximum Story
Displacement
Story Response graph is a graph plotted between the
displacement and storeys of the building. The Blue
line is the Global X and Red line is Global Y.
For the 18 storey the maximum displacement
from the base is 13mm. The larger the drift, the less
stiff the structure is. The story response aid the
understanding of building’s drift.
Soil Investigation
The work of soil investigation for the proposed construction of G+18 building was done to
determine the nature and characteristics of sub-soil below the ground level. The main
objective of this investigation is to identify suitable type of foundation for proposed G+18
structure and assessment of safe bearing capacity.
The investigation was done by conducting the standard penetration test in bore hole and
collecting disturbed but representative soil samples and the samples were tested in
laboratory for various tests such as sieve analysis, triaxial test, direct shear test, and many
more. During investigation, 5 bore holes of 150 mm diameter were bored to a maximum
depth of 30m below ground level as per relevant Indian Standard I.S 1892 standard
procedure of SPT was followed and SPTN value was collected. During excavation, ground
water levels were met at the depth ranging from 1 m to 1.8 m from the ground level.
During Investigation, soil profile in borehole “BH1” was found as:
Medium stiff clay of high plasticity occurs from ground level up to 4 m, followed by medium
dense silty sand up to 6.5 m, stiff sandy clay of high plasticity up to 8 m ,medium dense
clayey sand up to 12.5 m, very stiff gravelly sandy clay of medium plasticity up to 14 m, stiff
clay of medium plasticity up to 15.5 m, stiff sandy clay of medium plasticity up to 17 m,
medium dense clayey sand up to 20 m, hard clay of medium plasticity up to 21.50 m,
mudstone up to 24.5 m, followed by sandy stone up to 27 m at which depth the bore hole
was terminated.
Similarly, other boreholes were also investigated and
soil profile were found as:
Based on this soil profile and various test performed
for calculation in laboratory, geotechnical engineer
has recommended that:
•Bored Cast In-situ concrete piles of diameter 600
mm are to be used.
•Piles are to be terminated at depth of minimum
three times diameter of piles into hard strata.
•To allow underwater concreting, M30 grade of
concrete is required.
S.N Soil Description Depth(m) SPTN value
1) Clay 0-4 6
2) Silty Sand 4-6.5 12
3) Sandy Clay 6.5-8 12
4) Clayey Sand 8-11 14
5) Medium dense clayey 11-12.5 15
sand
6) Gravelly Sandy Clay 12.5-14 18
7) Clay 14-15.5 12
8) Sandy Clay 15.5-17 13
9) Clayey Sand 17-20 18
10) Clay 20-21.5 <100
11) Mudstone 21.5-23 >100
Load Transmission
Gravity load acts on building structure, including dead load and
live load due to occupancy or snow. Gravity load, live load, dead load
from the slabs is transferred to the shear and from it, down to the
foundations, and then to the supporting soil beneath. Figure shows
an isometric view of a concrete structure and a gravity load path to
the pile foundation. Spandral beams are made above door and
window sections to transmit the load diagonally to the walls.

Lateral Load Path

The lateral load path is the way lateral loads (mainly due to wind
and earthquakes) are transferred through a building. Shear walls and
frames are the primary lateral-load resisting elements; however,
these members also carry gravity loads.
 Shear walls receive lateral forces from diaphragms and transmit
them to the foundations. Foundations form the final link in the load
path is done by collecting the lateral forces from all storeys and
transmitting them to the ground.
Exact Load distribution process from Slab to Shear wall
# Load distribution process.
(Condition-I)

1) In case of one way slab:

Ly/Lx < 2 Then, the load
will be distributed as:.
Fig…..
where S1, S2, 33 & S4 are the shear walls
- In case of one way slab, half of the load is distributed on
shear wall S2 & half of the load is distributed by shear wall
-Total distributed load on shear wall (S₂) =
Wulx/2
 
(Condition-2)
2) For Two way slab.
- In case of Two way Slab, the load will be distributed to four
sides. i.e
Fig……
here,
1. Total distributed load from triangular portion = Wulx/3
2. Total distributed load from Trapezoidal portion = W ulx/2 {1-
1/2β2}
where, β = Ly/Lx
Ly = longer length of slab
Lx = Shorter length of slab
 
 
(Condition-3)
- In this case , the load will be distributed as shown in figure

Note: The total distributed load on beam B1 will going to act

half of the load on beam as a point load .

1. Total distributed load on beam = Wulx/4+ Wulx/4

= Wulx/2
 STAIRCASE DESIGN
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN PROCESS:

➢ Assume depth of waist slab

➢ Find going length and effective span of each flight
➢ Calculate UDL load on landing and going using ,
Self-weight of Slab = γ(1*0.5*D*(R2+T2)0.5)/T
Wt. of Steps = γ(1*0.5*R*T)/T
➢ Find Mmax for each flight and check for depth using maximum Moment M max.
➢ Design of reinforcement using maximum moment Mmax (Main bars and distribution bars)
➢ Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 CL 23.2.1)
➢ Check for shear (τ< τc’< τmax)
➢ Check for development length
➢ Same steps are done for other flight.
Solution,
We have area to build staircase =5860mm*3240mm²
Height of floor = 3.1m
Thread=300mm
Riser=155mm
Height of each flight=3.1/2=1.55m
Space between flight=3240-1390*2-(200+160/2)=280mm No. of
risers = 1.55/0.155=10 no. of steps
No of threads = 10-1=9
Space occupied by thread= 9*300=2700mm
Width of landing = 5860-(2700*2)-160/2=1500mm
effective span =5860+(160/2+160/2)=6020mm
Thickness of waist slab = 50* effective span
=50*6.020D=160mmd=160-25(cover)d=140mmDead load on slab
Weight of slab = D√(1+R²/T²)*25=0.160*
√(1+0.155²/0.300²)*25=4.50kN/m
Weight of steps = 25RT/2T=25*0.155*0.300/2*0.300
=1.93 kN/m Total load
= 4.50+1.93=7.72 kN/m
Live load = 3 kN/m (IS CODE 875 ,PART 2)
Total load= D.L+L.L= 7.72+3=10.72 KN/m
Factored load = 1.5*10.75=16.08 kN/m
Landing D.L = 0.160*1*25=4kN/m
Live load = 3kN/m
Total load = 4+3=7 kN/m
Factored load = 10.5 kN/m
Mu= WL²/8=(16.08+10.5)*6.020²/8MU=120.40 kN/m.
Check for thickness of waist slab
Mu=kbd²*fck 120.40*10^6 = 0.133*1000*d² *40D² = 120.40*10^6/5520d= √21811.59d= 160 mm
Main reinforcement
Mu= 0.87*Ast*fy*d [1-Ast*fy/fck*bd)
120.40*10^6=0.87*Ast*500*140[1-Ast*500/40*1000*140]
5.43Ast²-60900Ast+120.40*10^6=0
Ast=2562.47mm²
Spacing= (∏*12²/4 *1000)/2562
=100mm @ c/c
Distribution reinforcement
0.12% of BD
=0.12%*1000*160
=192 mm²
spacing = ((∏*8)/4)*1000)/192
=180 mm @ c/c
Hence , provide Y12ø @100mm c/c in main
reinforcement & Y8ø @ 180 c/c in distribution
reinforcement.
 WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS
From IS:875, Part-3:
Basic wind speed (Vb) obtained from
appendix according to location on site .i.e
Chennai=50 m/s
Design Wind Speed (Vz)=Vb*k1*k2*k3
K1=risk factor/probability factor(Page-
11,Table-1)
So,K1=1.08 (life of building=100 years,
Vb=50m/s)
K2 depends upon Terrain, height & structure
size factor (Page-12, table -2)
So, K2=0.796 (Height=27.9,
Terrain category-4, Class-C)
K3 depends on topographic factor.
So, K3=1.
Now, Vz= Vb*k1*k2*k3
= 50*1.08*0.796*1
= 43.2 m/s
Design wind pressure(Pz)= 0.6(Vz)2
=0.6(43.2)2 =1,108.575 Pa
CALCULATION OF BASE SHEAR

Solution,
In this x direction, h=31.9m d=36.01m
Tx=0.09h/√d Where h= height of building , d= base dimension of building at
plinth level in m
=(0.09*31.9)/√(36.01)
=0.47 sec
So, condition 1/T for x direction
Tz=0.09h/√d (h=22.6m d=20.940)
Tz=0.47 sec, so the condition satisfy 1/T
Now, for x direction
Sa/g=2.12 where Sa/g is design
Acceleration cofficent for
different soil types.
Importance factor(I)=1.2 (Building
With ductile Rc wall)
Response reduction factor(R)=4
Now,
Ah= (Z/2 * Sa/g) / (R/I)
where Ah ((Design horizontal seismic coffiecent)

Ah=0.05
Ah=5%
Seismic weight (W)
For all floor W1=W2=W3……………..W19
Live load =3 KN/m
Floor finish load = 1 KN
Total seismic load on floor(W)= Wd.l+Wll
Vb= Ah*W where Ah ((Design horizontal seismic coffiecent)
Vb= Design base shear
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF SLAB:
Given data: Assume,
fck =40 N/mm² effective cover (d') = 25mm.
Fy = 500 N/mm² So,
L.L = 4 kN/mm² Overall depth (D) = d+d'
F.F.L = 1.5 kN/m²
=200+25
Here,
D = 225mm
Check for one way & Two way slab.
Trial & error method:
Lx/ly= 8.9 /5.64 = 1.6
The required depth of slab is 86.5 mm but earlier, we provided 200mm which is
since, ly/lx < 2. So, the slab Can be design as Two way Stab. more.
Now, To make the structure economical, we can provide the depth of Slap (d) =165m
1) Calculate the depth of two way Slab. Overall depth(D) =d+d'
Lx/d =26 x M.F =165+ 25
For Continuers slab. D=180 mm
M.F. Modification factor  
Assume, M.F =1.3 2) Load Calculation:
So, a) D.L = b*D*r
Lx/d =26*1.3 =1* 0.18 * 25
d = 5.64 /26x13 = 0.2m =4.5 kN/m
d= 200MM
(b) L. L= 4 * b kN/m ,b=1
= 4KN/M Now,
   
(C) F.F. L= 1. 5 * 6 kN/m For αn+
=1.5 KN/M The value of … depends Upon the support Condition and ly/lx ratio.
  So,

Total Load (W) = D.L + L·L+ F.FL 1.5x1 0.56y1

= 4.5+4+1.5 1.6 x y=?

=10kN/m 1.75x2 0.063 2 y

Factored Load (Wv) = 1.5xw.
 
= 1.5*10
Interpolation,
=15 kN/m x-x1/x2-x1 = y-y1/y2-y1
3) Bending moment Calculation: y = 0.056
In two way slab, the bending moment shall be calculated as per the support
i.E
Condition from Is 456-2000 Table -26.
Here, αn+ = 0.056
Support Condition= Two adjacent edges discontinuous So,
Mum+ =0.056*15*5.642
αn+ = 26.7 kN/m
Similarly,
Mux- = αn- Wvlm2
D=√ Mu1 lim/0.133*Fck*b
1.5x1 0.075y1
=√25.8*106/0.133*4*1000
1.6x y=?
Dreq = 82mm
1.75x2 0.084 y2
Since
Interpolation,
dreq(165MM) > dreq (82 M)
x-x1/x2-x1 = y-y1/y2-y1
hence, the depth is ok.
y = 0.075
5 )Area of steel Calculation.
i.e αx- = 0.075 Astx+=0.5fck/fy*{1-√1-4.6Mux+/Fckbd2}*bd
so, = 0.5*40/500* {1-√1- 4.6× 26.7×102/40*1000*1652}*1000*165
AStx+= 389.4 mm²
Mux- = 0.075× 1SX 5.64² Similarly,
=35.8 kNm AStx-=0.5x40/500* {1-√1- 4.6× 35.8×106/40*1000*1652}*1000*165
=521.4mm2
MUY- = αy+ Wvlx2 AY+=0.5*40/500* {1-√1- 4.6× 16.7×106/40*1000*1652}*1000*165
= 0.035x 15x 5.642 =237.6 mm4
AY-= 0.5*40/500* {1-√1- 4.6× 22.4×106/40*1000*1652}*1000*165
=16.7 KN*M
=323.4 mm4
MUY-= αY- wvlx2 6 ) Check for Ast
=0.047*15*5.642 (Ast)=Min 0.12% of b*D
=0.12/100*1000*180
=22.4 kNm =216 mm2
  Since all the calculated Ast is are greater then 0.12%, Hence
4) Check for depth by Considering higher moment
So,
M = 0.133*F *bd2
7) Calculation of spacing. provide Spacing (Sx-) : 130 mm c/c
   
#Assume, dia of bar = 12m Along X direction for span  Actual Astx- due to the provided Spacing (Sx-) is
  Astx- = ast/Sx- *1000
Ast =πd2/4 = π*122/4 = 113mm2
=78.53/ 130 *1000
Now,  
Spacing (Sx+) = Ast/ Astx+ *1000 Astx- = 805 mm².
=113/389.4*1000  
=290.19mm c/c  )Along Y-direction for span :
provide (Sx+) = 200 mm c/c Assume, dia of bar = 8mm
Actual Astx+ due to the so,
Provided Spacing isAstx+ = 113/200*1000 Ast = πd2/4 = π*82/4
Astx+ = 565 mm2 = 50.26 mm²
)Along X-direction for support :  
Assume, dia of bar = 10 mm Spacing (Sy-) = ast/Asty- *1000
so, = 50.26 / 237.6 *1000
Ast = πd2/4 = π*102/4 =211.53 mm c/c
= 78.59 mm² provide Spacing (Sy-) : 200 mm c/c
Spacing (Sx-) = ast/Astx- *1000  
= 78.53/ 521.4 *1000 Actual Astx- due to the provided Spacing (Sx-) is
=150.6 mm Asty- = ast/Sy- *1000
=50.26/ 200 *1000
Asty- = 251.3 mm². Provided Ast are

*) Along Y-direction for support : Astx+ = 565 mm²

Assume, dia of bar = 10mm Astx-= 805 mm2
so, Asty+= 251.3 mm²
Ast = πd2/4 = π*102/4
Astý-= 341.43 mm²
= 78.53 mm²
7) Calculate the percentage of Steel by considering the higher
 
Ast
Spacing (S ) = ast/Asty *1000
y
- -
So,
= 78.53 / 324.4 *1000
Pt = Ast /bD *100
=242.84 mm c/c
provide Spacing (Sy-) : 230 mm c/c = 805/1000*180 *100
Actual Asty- due to the provided Spacing (Sy-) is
=0.44% > 0.12
Asty- = ast/Sy- *1000
=78.53/ 230 *1000  
 
Hence,Ok
Astx- = 341.43 mm².
Hence,
Calculated Ast are
Astx+ = 389.4 mm²
Astx- = 521.4 mm2
Asty+ = 237.6 mm²
Asty - = 323.4 mm².
Building Plan

Fig: Building plan on STAAD Pro

Working on Staad Analysis

Fig: Type 4 Building Fig: STAAD.Pro Model

 H
er
e
Conclusion
This internship was a great opportunity to face real challenges at
re
u
ct

construction site along with advantage of learning new methods of construction.

Pi
ur
Yo

The tunnel formwork technology and aluminium formwork was new method to
understand. Overall it provided an enhanced understanding of the outside working
environment before the student graduate. In our three month staying at the Revenue
Quarters(Site) we have acquire much knowledge in different tasks such as the various
formwork systems, Pile foundation, construction materials, Structural design, etc of the
building.
This training program is an excellent opportunity for us to get to the ground level
and experience the things that we would have never gained through going straight into a
job. 
 REFERENCE

 [ 1 ] Manas A. Shalgar1, Mr. Tejas D. Aradhye2 " Introduction To Advanced TUNNEL Formwork System: Case Study Of ‘Rohan -
Abhilasha’ " E-issn: 2395 -0056 P-issn: 2395-0072 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2020.
Link: http://www.ijcrt.org/

 [ 2 ] R. Thiyagarajan , V.Panneerselvam , K. Nagamani " ALUMINIUM FORMWORK SYSTEM USING IN HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
CONSTRUCTION " International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 8, Issue 6, Nov - Dec
2019, pp. 29–41, Article ID: IJARET_08_06_004  ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 .
Link: http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=8&IType=6

 [ 3 ] Taehoon Kim, Hunhee Cho*, And Kyung-in Kang" FORM WORK MANAGEMENT BASED ON UBIQUITOUS
COMPUTING FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION " Code’09 R&D A01)2018.
Link: https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/advanced-planning-model-of-formwork-layout-for- productivity

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