Chapter 1

Introduction to Wireless
Communication Systems
 Sections

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications
1.3. Mobile Radio Systems around the World
1.4. Wireless Communication systems
1.5. Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal
Communications
1.1. Introduction
Ancient Communication Systems: Smoke
Signals, Carrier Pigeons, …
Radio invented in the 1880s by Marconi,
he invented wireless telegraph in 1896.
Marconi sent telegraphic signals across
the Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to St.
John's New found land; a distance of about
3200 km.
His invention allowed two parties to
communicate by sending each other
alphanumeric characters encoded in an
analog signal.
 Cont…
Advances in wireless technologies have led to
the radio, television, mobile telephone, and
satellite communications.
Many sophisticated military radio systems
were developed during and after WW2
Great deal of attention has been focused on
satellite communications, wireless
networking, and cellular technology.
 Cont…
Communication satellites were first launched
in the 1960s.
The cellular or mobile telephone is the
modern equivalent of Marconi's wireless
telegraph, offering two-party, two-way
communication.
The first-generation wireless phones used
analog technology.
 Cont…
The current generation of wireless devices is
built using digital technology.
Digital networks carry much more traffic
and provide better reception and security
than analog networks.
The following figure shows Some Milestones
in Wireless Communications.
Cont…
1.2. Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications
The wireless communication era was born with
the development of highly reliable radio
frequency hardware.
First Mobile telephone service was introduced in
25 major American cities in 1946.
During the 1950s and 1960s many
telecommunication companies throughout the
world developed the theory and techniques of
cellular radiotelephony.
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) was the
first US cellular telephone system deployed in
1983.
 Cont…
In late 1991 the first US digital cellular (USDC)
system hardware was installed in major US cities.
The World’s first cellular system was
implemented by the Nippon Telephone and
Telegraph (NTT) in Japan in 1979.
The pan European digital cellular standard GSM
(Global System for Mobile) first deployed in
1990.
 1.3. Mobile Radio Systems around the World
AMPS – Advanced mobile phone System
USDC – US digital Cellular
CDPC – Cellular Digital Packet
Communication
IS-95 – Interim Standard - 95
GSC – Golay Sequential Coding
POCSAG – Post Office Code Standard
Advisory Group
 Cont…
DCS – 1900 - Digital Communication System
GSM – Global system for Mobile Communication
PACS – Personal Access Communication System
MIRS – Motorola’s integrated radio system
ETACS – European Total Access Cellular System
NMT– Nordic Mobile Telephone system
C-45 – Cellular Standard 45
ERMES - European Radio Message System
CT2 – cordless telephone 2
 Cont…
DECT – Digital European Cordless
Telephone
JTACS – Japanese Total Access
Communication System
PDC – Pacific Digital Cellular
NTT – Nippon Telephone and Telegraph
NTACS – Narrowband total Access
Communication System
PHS – Personal Handy phone System
• Major Mobile Radio Standard in North American
Cont..
• Major Mobile Radio Standard in Europe
• Major Mobile Radio Standard in Japan
1.4. Wireless Communication systems
1. Hand-held walkie-talkies
2. Paging systems
3. Cordless telephone systems
4. Cellular telephones
5. Wireless LANs
6. Remote controllers
7. Bluetooth
8. Microwave communication
9. Satellite communications
 Terms
1. Base Station:- A fixed station in a mobile
radio system used for radio communication
with mobile stations. Base stations are
located at the center or on the edge of a
coverage region and consist of radio
channels and transmitter and receiver
antennas mounted on a tower.
2. Control Channel:- Radio channels used for
transmission of call setup, call request, and
call initiation purposes.
 Cont…
Forward Channel:- Radio channel used for
transmission of information from the base
station to the mobile.
Reverse Channel:- Radio channel used for
transmission of information from the mobile to
base station.
Handoff:- The process of transferring a mobile
station from one channel or base station to
another.
Mobile Station:- A station in the cellular radio
service intended for use while in motion at
unspecified locations. Mobile stations may be
hand-held personal units (portables) or
installed in vehicles (mobiles).
 Cont…
Mobile Switching center:- Switching
which coordinates the routing of calls in a
large Center service area. In a cellular
radio system, the MSC connects the
cellular base stations and the mobiles to
the PSTN.
Page :- A brief message which is
broadcast over the entire service area,
usually in a broadcast fashion by many
base stations at the same time.
 Cont…
Roamer:- A mobile station which operates in
a service area (market) other than that from
which service has been subscribed.
Subscriber:- A user who pays subscription
charges for using a mobile communication
system.
Transceiver:- A device capable of
simultaneously transmitting and receiving
radio signals.
Classification of mobile radio transmission system

1. Simplex:- communication in only one

direction
2. Half-duplex:- same radio channel for both
transmission and reception (push-to-talk)
3. Full-duplex:- simultaneous radio
transmission and reception.
1.5. Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal Communication

Since 1989, there has been enormous activity

throughout the world to develop personal systems
that combined the network intelligence of today’s
PSTN with digital signal processing and RF
technology. The concept is called Personal
Communication Services (PCS).
Indoor wireless networking products are rapidly
emerging and promise to become a major part of
the telecommunications infrastructure. An
international standard body, IEEE 802.11, is
developing standards for wireless access between
computers inside buildings.
 Cont…
The technical group TG 8/1 is considering
how worldwide wireless network should
evolve and how worldwide frequency
coordination might be implemented to allow
subscriber units to work anywhere in the
world.
 Summary
Ancient Communication Systems
Marconi’s wireless telegraph
Wireless Communication systems
Classification of mobile radio transmission
system
Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal
Communication