The document discusses different types of breakfast cereals including those that require cooking like farina and rolled oats, and ready-to-eat cereals like corn flakes and wheat flakes. It provides details on the production processes for various cereals which involve steps like grinding, cooking, drying, flaking, and toasting. Puffed cereals are produced using methods applying sudden heat or pressure changes to puff the grains.
The document discusses different types of breakfast cereals including those that require cooking like farina and rolled oats, and ready-to-eat cereals like corn flakes and wheat flakes. It provides details on the production processes for various cereals which involve steps like grinding, cooking, drying, flaking, and toasting. Puffed cereals are produced using methods applying sudden heat or pressure changes to puff the grains.
The document discusses different types of breakfast cereals including those that require cooking like farina and rolled oats, and ready-to-eat cereals like corn flakes and wheat flakes. It provides details on the production processes for various cereals which involve steps like grinding, cooking, drying, flaking, and toasting. Puffed cereals are produced using methods applying sudden heat or pressure changes to puff the grains.
JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN GIZI FAKULTAS ILMU PANGAN HALAL UNIVERSITAS DJUANDA SRR Pertiwi 2016 JENIS BREAKFAST CEREALS • CEREALS YANG PERLU PEMASAKAN – FARINA – ROLLED OATS – CORN GRITS (HOMINY GRITS), MIRIP FARINA • CEREALS READY TO EAT – CORN FLAKES – WHEAT FLAKES – SHREDDED BISCUITS – CEREALS GRANULES – PUFFED CEREALS SRR Pertiwi 2016 1. FARINA • A FRACTION OF MIDDLING FROM A HARD WHEAT. • PARTIKEL LOLOS AYAKAN NO. 20 (833 μm), < 10% LOLOS AYAKAN NO 45 (350 μm). • PERLU PEMASAKAN BEBERAPA MENIT SAMPAI PATI TERGELATINISASI. • DIPERKAYA DENGAN VITAMIN, MINERAL, FLAVOR MALT, COCOA. • INSTANT FARINA: DIBERI PERLAKUAKN ENZIM PROTEOLITIK YANG BERFUNGSI MEMBUKA KAPILER SEHINGGA AIR DAPAT MASUK KEDALAM PARTIKEL LEBIH CEPAT, PEMASAKAN HANYA 1 MENIT.
SRR Pertiwi 2016
2. ROLLED OATS • CLEANING DENGAN DRY STEAM 100ºC SEHINGGA KADAR AIR TURUN SAMPAI 6% DAN ENZIM INAKTIF. • DRYING (HULLS LEBIH MUDAH DIPISAHKAN). • GRADING (SHORT & LONG) • DEHULLING DENGAN ASPIRATOR • CUTTING (GROAT DIPOTONG 2-3 BAGIAN) • FLAKING DENGAN ROLLER
• FLAKE WHOLE GROAT (REGULER FLAKE) PERLU 10-15 MENIT
PEMASAKAN. FLAKE CUT GROAT (QUICK FLAKES) PERLU 3-5 MENIT PEMASAKAN, TETAPI HARUS SEGERA DIKONSUMSI KARENA CEPAT MENJADI BUIBUR.
4. CEREAL GRANULES • DOUGH MAKING (STIFF DOUGH: low moisture dough: wheat flour, barley flour, yeast, water) • FERMENTATION 15 min 27ºC • LOAVING • BAKING (without PROOFING) • FRAGMENTING (shredding knives, big & small fragments, small fragment reworked) • BAKING 120ºC • GRINDING & SIZING SRR Pertiwi 2016 5. PUFFED CEREALS • METHODS: 1. SUDDEN APPLICATION HEAT AT ATM PRESSURE Air menguap sebelum sempat terdifusi ke permukaan kernel. Bagian dalam yang airnya menguap menyebabkan puffing (peledakan/pengembangan) 2. SUDDENT TRANSFER OF A PIECE OF CEREALS CONTAINING SUPERHEAT WATER TO A LOWER PRESSURE (sehingga air mendadak menguap)
SRR Pertiwi 2016
5a. OVEN-PUFFED RICE • METHOD: SUDDEN APPLICATION OF HEAT • COOKING (15 psi until translucent) • DRYING (30% moisture) • TEMPERING (24 hrs) • DRYING (20% moisture) • HEATING (Infra Red, plasticize kernel) • BUMPING (brake internal structure) • TEMPERING (24 hrs) • TOASTING (30 sec 300ºC, product volume 2-5 times) SRR Pertiwi 2016 5b. PRESSURE-PUFFED PRODUCTS • METHOD: SUDDEN LOW PRESSURE APPL. • RAW MATERIAL: WHEAT/RICE FLOUR • DOUGH MAKING • STEAM COOKING (40% moisture) • EXTRUTION • DRYING (12-15% moisture) • HEATING (using GUN PUFFING) • PUFFED PRODUCTS (<3% moisture) SRR Pertiwi 2016 5c. EXTRUSION PRODUCTS • RAW MATERIAL: CEREAL FLOURS or GRITS • METHOD: CONT. PROCESS USING TEMPERATURE & PRESUURE APPLICATION • MOISTENING (water/steam) • EXTRUTION (200ºC 500 psi, 12-20% goes down to 8-15% moisture) • Barrel dipanaskan dengan uap, 200ºC 500 psi, bahan cereal meleleh membentuk massa plastik di dalam barrel. Ketika keluar dari die, adonan mengembang saat tekanan dilepaskan, air menguap dan produk menjadi dingin. Kadar air awal 12-20% dan produk ekstrusi memiliki kadar air 8-15%, sehingga harus dikeringkan. • Komposisi bahan terutama lipid mempengaruhi sifat produk akhir dan tingkat pengembangan. Monogliserida menghasilkan tekstur produk yang lebih halus dan seragam, tetapi menurunkan tingkat pengembangan. Keuntungan penggunaan sistem ekstrusi on cooking adalah dapat mengolah adonan dengan sedikit kandungan air. SRR Pertiwi 2016 COATINGS • BAHAN: GULA • TUJUAN: MELINDUNGI PRODUK SUPAYA TIDAK MUDAH MENYERAP AIR SEHINGGA DAPAT DISMPAN LEBIH LAMA. • METODE: MENETESKAN LARUTAN GULA KE DALAM BAHAN YANG TERUS DIADUK SEHINGGA GULA MERASA DI SELURUH PERMUKAAN BAHAN. SUPAYA TIDAK LENGKET DITAMBAHKAN MINYAK KELAPA. LARUTAN GULA AKAN MENGERING SETELAH PENDINGINAN DAN MENAMBAH BOBOT PRODUK 25%.