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Serological Markers For Viral Hepatitis
Serological Markers For Viral Hepatitis
HCV
HDV
HEV
SEROLOGICAL
MARKERS FOR
VIRAL
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS A
• HAV RNA
– Detected in Blood and Stool
specimens
– No routine clinical application
– Detected by RT – PCR.
HEPATITIS A
HEPATITIS B
ANTIGENS ANTIBODIES
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Anti HBs)
Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen (Anti HBc
IgM & Anti HBc)
Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen (HBeAg) Antibody to Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen (Anti HBe)
Hepatitis B ‘x’ Antigen (HBxAg) Antibody to Hepatitis B ‘x’ Antigen (Anti HBx)
HEPATITIS B
• HBV DNA
– Detectable as soon as 1 week after infection.
– Used to detect mutants.
– HBV DNA in circulating blood is a measure of virus
replication in the liver and infectivity.
– Helpful in monitoring treatment in patients with chronic
HBV infection.
– Loss of detectable HBV DNA is an earlier indicator of
response to antiviral therapy than loss of HBeAg.
– Detection methods
• Signal amplification: Hybrid capture & bDNA
• Target amplification: PCR & TMA.
HEPATITIS B
SEROLOGY OF ACUTE HEPATITIS B
Symptoms
Increased ALT
Total Anti-HBc
Relative Value
HBsAg
IgM Anti-HBs
anti-HBc
Detection
Limit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 18 24
• HCV Genotyping
– 6 genotypes and numerous subtypes
– Genotyping – Direct sequencing of the NS5B or E1
region.
– Methods – RFLP, Nested PCR, Reverse Hybridization,
Direct sequencing INNO-LIPA, Serological
detection of antibodies to genotype specific HCV
epitopes.
– Sub typing is not necessary for treatment purposes.
HEPATITIS C
Symptoms
HCV RNA
Relative Value
ALT Anti-HCV
Detection
Limit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 18 24
•
HEPATITIS D
• HDV RNA
– Detected in Serum
– By RT PCR.
HEPATITIS E