PARAPHRASING -WORD

TRANSFORMATION
ADVANCED AVIATION ENGLISH
What is Paraphrasing?
A paraphrase (pronounced par–uh-freyz) is a restatement or rewording of a paragraph or text, in
order to borrow, clarify, or expand on information without plagiarizing.

Paraphrasing is an important tool to use when writing research papers, essays, and pieces of
journalism.
Types of Paraphrasing

A. Change of Parts of Speech (Word Transformation)

B. Change of Structure (Sentence Transformation)

 To raise students’ awareness of typical
‘non-language’ mistakes for key word
transformations.

Objective
To practice different methods of word
transformations
 Using the ‘key word’, the student is expected
What is Word
to re-write the original sentence whilst
Transformation? keeping it’s context and meaning the same
Word Transformation
Method / Strategies
1. Collocations in the formation of two part phrasal verbs

You may change the word to phrasal verb or vice versa

1. Sentences with and without a phrasal verb “put off” “delay”/ “postpone”

2. The plane left the airport on time despite the terrible weather.
Key word: TOOK
 The plane __________________ the terrible weather

The plane took off despite the terrible weather

Changing the tenses

Example:

1. William likes to eat chocolate William likes eating chocolate

2. “I’m happy that I didn’t go to the party because I don’t enjoy that kind of thing”

“I wouldn’t have enjoyed the party” or

“I don’t regret not going to the party

Several customers have complained about the poor service.

Key word: SEVERAL
There __________________ about the poor service
There have been several complaints about the poor service.
Changing the pronoun  
Example:

I shouldn’t eat pizza vs Eating pizza isn’t good for my health

I had never…” and “It was the first time that I had…”

Sentences with direct speech and reported speech

Example:

“Do you know?” and “He asked me if I knew”

Fixed expressions synonymous with
words in the original sentence
Example:

“I had never…” and “It was the first time that I had…”)

I hate it when dogs bark vs I can’t stand it when dogs bark

Shifting a tense or word category 
Changing the word found in the original sentence to a different tense or form whilst keeping the
same meaning in the second sentence

Example : TENSE

I enjoyed playing soccer with my friends vs I played soccer with my friends and it was enjoyable.

Example: form

He is popular among fellow engineers vs His popularity among fellow engineers is amazing.
Try out the
exercise on word
tansformation