POTENTIAL OF WAVE ENERGY ALONG WESTERN COAST OF INDIA

By PRERNA GOSWAMI, Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering

Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai

XIII Triennial National Conference Of Indian Women Scientists' Association (IWSA)

 Power sector at a glance (India)

Source MW % of Total
Total Thermal 213,229 69.60%
Electricity Generation in India
                                   187,253 61.12%
           Coal
                                   25,057 8.18% RES** (MNRE)
           Gas 14%
Nuclear
                                   919 0.30% 2%
           Oil Hydro  Renewable
Hydro  43,112 14.10% 14%
(Renewable)
Nuclear 5,780 1.90%
Total Thermal
RES** (MNRE) 44,237 14.50% 70%

Total 306,358 100.00%

 Electricity Generation from
Renewable sources in India
Source Installed Capacity (MW) Renewable Energy generation in India
Grid
  connected off grid Total %

Wind Small Hydro Power

Power 27,441.15 2.7927,443.94 59.43 9%
Waste-to-Power
Solar 1%
Power 8,062.00 330 8,392.00 18.17 Biomass Power
12%
Biomass
Power 4,860.83 882.9 5,743.73 12.44
Waste to Wind Power
Solar Power 59%
Power 115.08 161.39 276.47 0.599 18%

Small
Hydro
Power 4,304.27 18.81 4,323.08 9.362
Total 44,783.33 1395.8946,179.22 100
Ocean Energy Potential along
Indian coastline
Distribution of wave energy along the coastline
Source: IIT-Madras
Wave power Calculations
 Wave power per unit width of wave front considering a sinusoidal wave
and water depth more than 0.5 λ is given by

P   g
KW/m (1)
2
H 2
T / 32    H 2
T
Where
 ρ= density of sea water=1024 Kg/m2 (approximately with slight variation
with location)
 g= Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s2
 H= wave height (vertical distance between trough to crest)
 T= wave period

The equation indicates that the wave power is directly proportional to

the square of the wave height H and wave period T.
Wave power Calculations (contd.)
 To represent irregular waves, two quantities i.e. significant wave
height Hs and mean wave period TZ are defined.

 Significant wave height Hs is defined as the mean height of the largest

33% waves of the wave spectrum.

 TJ is taken as 1.2 times TZ, where TZ is the time period between two
successive crossings of mean water level. TJ is said to be the period of
energy transport.

 For irregular waves αJ= α/2,

2
P  0 . 489 H T
Where constant α= ρ g /32π = 978.25 W/m2
2
s J
 KW/m [2]
Significant wave Height at
Ratnagiri (Maharashtra)
Significant wave Height at
Karwar (Karnataka)
Significant wave Height at
Kozhikode(Kerala)
Significant wave Height at
Kollam (Kerala)
Mean wave Period at Ratnagiri
Mean wave Period at Karwar
Mean wave Period at Kozhikode
 Distribution of wave power (W/m) along
western coast of India (source:IIT Madras)
Sr. Places State Lat Lon Hmax Hav (m) Hs (m) Tmean Power
No (m) (s) kw/m
1Ratnagiri Maharastra 17 73 3.89 1.36 2.16 7.61 17.4
2Rajapur Maharastra 16.5 73 4.11 1.44 2.29 7.78 19.94
3Kudal Maharastra 16 73 4.26 1.49 2.37 8 21.95
4Panaji Goa 15.5 73.5 3.91 1.37 2.17 8.24 19.12
5Gokarna Karnataka 14.5 74 3.89 1.36 2.16 8.38 19.16
6Barkur Karnataka 13.5 74.5 3.6 1.26 2 8.33 16.35
7Surathkal Karnataka 13 74.5 4.03 1.41 2.24 8.32 20.45
8Kasaragod Kerala 12.5 74.5 4.26 1.49 2.37 8.43 23.13
9Taliparambha Kerala 12 75 3.86 1.35 2.14 8.49 19.13
10Payyoli Kerala 11.5 75.5 3.34 1.17 1.86 8.27 13.99
11Calicut Kerala 11 75.5 4.06 1.42 2.25 8.52 21.24
12Cochin Kerala 10 76 3.94 1.38 2.19 8.68 20.43
13Allepey Kerala 9.5 76 4.14 1.45 2.3 8.79 22.84
14Kollam Kerala 9 76.5 2.86 1 1.59 8.49 10.49
15Trivandrum Kerala 8.5 76.5 4.31 1.51 2.4 8.9 25.08
Wave energy estimate along
western coast of India
Month Ratnagiri Karwar Kozhikode Kollam
Jan 0.944449 0.678768 0.5687942 0.659474
Feb 0.865009 0.931184 0.8949214 1.357682
Mar 1.137855 1.354341 1.1301928 1.826747
April 1.508255 1.581698 2.1099479 1.970497
May 2.840963 3.487836 2.8097704 5.205186
June 21.61209 19.82688 11.759166 20.50218
July 15.10713 23.71058 14.249234 15.54949
Aug 6.988251 9.508517 6.336377 7.372049
Sep 5.064768 6.945024 4.0963991 7.864119
Oct 1.568446 2.028253 1.7683239 3.551729
Nov 0.360365 0.75093 0.7980142 0.961931
Dec 0.394697 1.130969 0.7778484 0.934967
 Solar Irradiation data of western
coast
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Coatstal
area                        

Ratnagiri 5.50 6.35 6.86 7.19 7.09 4.84 4.57 4.68 5.29 5.66 5.45 5.20

Karwad 5.77 6.53 6.89 7.12 6.59 4.67 4.62 4.76 5.58 5.65 5.53 5.46

Kozhikod
e 5.83 6.46 6.77 6.64 6.01 4.79 4.97 5.44 5.77 5.22 5.39 5.49

Kollam 5.94 6.56 6.68 6.50 5.87 5.56 5.40 6.05 6.02 5.36 5.08 5.41
Average wave power KW per m of wavefront
and solar irradiation at Ratnagiri
25

Wave power KW/m

20

15

10

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

8 Solar irradiation
7

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
  Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
Average wave power KW per m of wavefront
and solar irradiation at Karwar
25

20
Wave power KW/m
15

10

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

7 Solar irradiation
6

0
  Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
Average wave power KW per m of wave front
and solar irradiation at Kozhikode
16

14

12 Wave power KW/m

10

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

7
Solar irradiation
6

0
  Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
Average wave power KW per m of wave front
and solar irradiation at Kozhikode
25

Wave power KW/m

20

15

10

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

7 Solar irradiation
6

0
  Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
Stand alone microgrid fed by hybrid solar and
wave energy for electrification of remote
coastal areas of India
Ocean Energy: Wave Power Generation with
oscillating water column
Oscillating water column:
How it works
THANKS