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  • Edema: Dr. Binyameen Chishty

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    Farhan Mustafa
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    Edema is excess fluid in the tissues that can be intracellular or extracellular. Extracellular edema is caused by increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma proteins, or blockage of lymph return. Heart failure increases venous and capillary pressures leading to edema. Decreased kidney function causes salt and water retention increasing interstitial fluid volume and edema. Nephrotic syndrome decreases plasma proteins allowing fluid to leave capillaries and cause edema. Cirrhosis of the liver decreases protein production and increases portal pressures, resulting in ascites.

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    EDEMA

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    Edema is excess fluid in the tissues that can be intracellular or extracellular. Extracellular edema is caused by increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma proteins, or blockage of lymph return. Heart failure increases venous and capillary pressures leading to edema. Decreased kidney function causes salt and water retention increasing interstitial fluid volume and edema. Nephrotic syndrome decreases plasma proteins allowing fluid to leave capillaries and cause edema. Cirrhosis of the liver decreases protein production and increases portal pressures, resulting in ascites.

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    14 views25 pages

    Edema: Dr. Binyameen Chishty

    Uploaded by

    Farhan Mustafa
    Edema is excess fluid in the tissues that can be intracellular or extracellular. Extracellular edema is caused by increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma proteins, or blockage of lymph return. Heart failure increases venous and capillary pressures leading to edema. Decreased kidney function causes salt and water retention increasing interstitial fluid volume and edema. Nephrotic syndrome decreases plasma proteins allowing fluid to leave capillaries and cause edema. Cirrhosis of the liver decreases protein production and increases portal pressures, resulting in ascites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 25

    Edema

    Dr. Binyameen Chishty


    Edema

     Edema: Excess Fluid in the


    Tissues
     Intracellular edema
     Extracellular Edema
     Kf is the capillary filtration coefficient
    Pc is the capillary hydrostatic pressure,
    Pif is the interstitial fluid
    hydrostatic pressure,
    ¶c is the capillary
    plasma colloid osmotic pressure,
    ¶if is the interstitial
    fluid colloid osmotic pressure.
     Summary of Causes of
    Extracellular Edema
    I. Increased capillary pressure

     A. Excessive kidney
    retention of salt and water
    1. Acute or chronic kidney
    failure
    B. High venous pressure and venous
    constriction

     1. Heart failure
     2. Failure of venous pumps
    (a) Failure of venous
    valves
    II. Decreased plasma proteins

     A. Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic


    syndrome)
     B. Loss of protein from denuded skin
    areas
    1. Burns
     C. Failure to produce proteins
    1. Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis)
    III. Blockage of lymph return

     A. Cancer
     B. Infections (e.g., filaria
    nematodes) filiriasis
    Edema Caused by Heart Failure

    One of the most serious and


    most common causes of edema
    is heart failure. In heart failure,
    the heart fails to pump blood
    normally from the veins into
    the arteries;
    Heart ↑ Venous P, ↑ Capil
    Failure ↑ Capil P Filtration

    Edema
    ↓d Exc of
    ↓ BP Salt & ↑ Blood V
    Water

    capillary edema
    Hydrostatic pressure
    ↓d Exc of
    ↓ BP Salt &
    Water

    ↑ Cap
    ↑ Blood V
    Hyd P

    Edema
    ↑Pul
    Vas P,
    LVH ↑Pul Edema
    Cap P
    Edema Caused by Decreased Kidney
    Excretion of Salt and Water.

    Kidney Salt &


    Water Edema
    Disease Retention
    Edema Caused by Decreased Kidney
    Excretion of Salt and Water.

    Salt
    remains ↑ ISF
    Edema
    in EC Vol
    compart
     Salt & water are added to
    Interstitial Spaces.
    ↓
    ↑ Salt &
    Excretion ↑ ISF Vol
    Water in
    of Salt & HTN
    ECF
    Water

    Edema
    acute glomerulonephritis

    Injury to Glomeruli

    ↓ Filtration

    Edema, HTN
    Edema Caused by Decreased Plasma
    Proteins Nephrotic Sysndrome

    Glomerular Membrane Leaky

    Proteinurea

    Edema
    Cirrhosis of the liver

    Formation of Fibrous Tissue → ↓D


    Formation of proteins

    ↓D plasma colloid osmotic pressure

    Generalized Edema
    Liver ↑D ortal
    Fibrosis Capillary P Ascites
    Cirrhosis of the liver

    Liver Fibrosis

    Compression of Portal System

    ↑Capillary hydrostatic pressure ↑s


    filtration into abdominal areas
    Ascites:
    combined effects of decreased
    plasma protein concentration and
    high portal capillary pressures
    cause transudation of large
    amounts of fluid and protein into
    the abdominal cavity, a condition
    referred to as ascites.

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