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Final - Report Hydroelectric Power Plant
Final - Report Hydroelectric Power Plant
Nitesh M Chopra
Content
Electrical
Potential Energy
Energy
Electricity
Kinetic
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
Hydropower to Electric Power
How Hydropower Works
Water from the reservoir
flows due to gravity to
drive the turbine.
Turbine is connected to a
generator.
Power generated is
transmitted over power
lines.
How Hydropower Works (2)
A water turbine that cover the energy of flowing
or falling water into mechanical energy that
drives a generator, which generates electrical
power. This is a heart of hydropower power
plant.
A control mechanism to provide stable electrical
power. It is called governor.
Electrical transmission line to deliver the power
to its destination.
Vietnam Hydroelectric Potential
Vietnam Hydroelectric Potential (2)
Apply the principle of work and energy with the bucket of chain
turbine:
1 1
mgh0 mv02 mght mvt2
2 2
The maximum speed of bucket
vt 2gH 1
The angular velocity the sprocket would be
v 9.75
op 19.5rad / sec
R 0.5
The rotational speed of the sprocket would be
60 9.4 60
rpm 186.2 186rpm
2 2
Analysis of the Chain Turbine (3)
Number of buckets in chain turbine
(2 H1 D )Q 4.02
N
vop Q1 Q1
Pout Qvop
2
1000 1 9.752 95.1kW
Pout 95.1kW
0.49
Pgross 196kW
Analysis of the Chain Turbine (5)
Rotational velocity of sprocket depends on
the distance of between two shafts of
turbine H1.
Rotational velocity of turbine shaft is
slow, so it cannot directly connect with
generator. It need a power transmission
Efficiency of chain turbine is low.
Advantages of Chain Turbine
Pm 1 Tw s
Chain Turbine transfer function
G 1 0.5Tw s
LU r 1 2 g 1
Tw water starting time at full load Tw 0.022 s
gH 9.81 20
Pm 1 Tw s 1 0.022s
So transfer function of chain turbine is
G 1 0.5Tw s 1 0.011s
Generator Transfer Function
Assume nominal load PL 90kW
Frequency 50Hz
The latter load assumption yields
PL 90kW
D 0.018 p.u / Hz
fPR 50 Hz 100kW
So, the system gain constant and time constant are given by
1
K P 55.55Hz / p.u
D
2H 2 1
TP 2.22s
fD 50 0.018