MINI INVERTER

By:
D. APARNA
17311A0296
EEE-B
 Contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 History
 Problem Analysis
 Objectives
 Hypothesis
 Proposed Project Limitation
 Innovation
 Components required
 Conclusion
 References
 ABSTRACT
 The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC
power at required output voltage and frequency level is known
as inverter. Inverters can be broadly classified into single level
inverter and multilevel inverter. Multilevel inverter as compared
to single level inverters have advantages like minimum harmonic
distortion and can operate on several voltage levels.
 Inverters are used for many applications, as in situations where
low voltage DC sources such as batteries, solar panels or fuel cells
must be converted so that devices can run off of AC power. One
example of such a situation would be converting electrical power
from a car battery to run a laptop, TV or cell phone. This report
focuses on design and simulation of single phase, three phase and
pulse width modulated inverter and use of pulse width
modulated inverter in the speed control of Induction motor.
 IC CD4047 12 Figure 2, RESISTORS 13 Figure 3,
CAPACITOR 14 Figure 4, BATTERY 15 Figure
5, MOSFET 15 Figure 6, TRANSFORMER 16
Figure 7, HEAT SINK 16
 INTRODUCTION
 An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC) the converted AC
can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use
of appropriate transformers, switching, and control
circuits. An inverter is essentially the opposite of a rectifier.
Static inverters have no moving parts and are used in a
wide range of applications, from small switching power
supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage
direct current applications that transport bulk power.
 Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric
charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as
batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type
electric machines of the dynamo type.
 .Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a
wire, but can also be through semiconductors,
insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or
ion beams. The electric charge flows in a constant
direction, distinguishing it from alternating current
(AC). A term formerly used for direct current was
Galvanic current.
 What is a "Mini Inverter "? This “Mini Inverter” is
basically a DC to AC converter it takes power with
Battery and convert it into 230 volt AC. Inverters are
commonly used to supply AC power from DC
sources such as solar panels or batteries.
 History
 From the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th
century, DC to AC power conversion was accomplished
using rotary converters or motor ± generator sets. In the
early 20th century, vacuum tubes and gas filled tubes
begin to be used as switches in inverters circuits. The most
widely used type of tube was the thyratron. The origins of
electro mechanical inverters explain the source of the term
inverter.
 An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC) the converted AC
can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use
of appropriate transformers, switching and control circuits
an inverter is essentially the opposite of a rectifier
 An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses
batteries and an inverter to supply ac power when
main power is not available. When main power is
restored, a rectifier is used to supply DC power to
recharge the batteries. The circuit work based on the
operation of the IC CD4047.it consists of two 555
timers in it.12v AC is step up to 230v AC by using a
step up transformer. Need: The electrical inverter is a
high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named
because early mechanical AC to DC converters were
made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted",
to convert DC to AC.
 PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Literature Review (Existing System):
 Due to shortage of power in the country, back-up power system
market is undoubtedly growing with newer technologies and
methodologies being incorporated and implemented. Indian UPS
market is a steadily growing market with both Indian and
multinational manufacturers contending for a major chunk of
market share.
 The Indian inverter market comprises several organized and
unorganized players jostling for space. Let us look into major
driving factors for this industry Major Achievements The major
achievements of this project were to integrate the knowledge of
advance embedded system like raspberry pi, various types of
sensors, introduction with Internet Of Thing and in the last the
most important the gained the experience in the world of
automation.
 OBJECTIVES
 The main objective of this project is to design and simulate a
single phase, three phase and pulse width modulated inverter
that converts dc to ac power. Inverter designed to provide 115
VAC from the 12 VDC source provided in an automobile.
 The unit provides up to 1.2 Amps ofalternating current, or just
enough to power two sixty watt light bulbs. An inverter
converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar
panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity.
 The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it
can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or
rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage. Grid tie
inverters can feed energy back into the distribution network
because they produce alternating current with the same wave
shape and frequency as supplied by the distribution system.
They can also switch off automatically in the event of a
blackout.
 HYPOTHESIS
 If we had more time to implement this project we
would investigate or try to adding the new features
into the project then we learn about the new
technologies such as IRFZ44N MOSFET and CD4047
IC which gave us the motivation to complete the
project and move in the forward direction.
 Proposed Project: The proposed project having the
following features:  Convertor: DC to AC  Voltage:
12 volt DC to 220 volt AC  MOSFET : For Triggering
Purpose  MOSFET : For Voltage Controller  Low
Power: IC CD4047  Smooth Current : Capacitor
 LIMITATION
 This comfortable for high power consumption. And
also we all know a square wave is never suitable for
operating sophisticated electronic equipment such
TV, Music players, Computers etc. MOTIVATION
The motivation for doing this project was primarily
an interest in undertaking a challenging project in
an interesting area of research. The opportunity to
learn about a new area of computing not covered in
lectures was appealing. This area is very large for
research and for making efficient and economical
power consumption.
  INNOVATION
 Due to shortage of power in the country, back-up power system
market is undoubtedly growing with newer technologies and
methodologies being incorporated and implemented. Indian UPS
market is a steadily growing market with both Indian and
multinational manufacturers contending for a major chunk of
market share.
 The Indian inverter market comprises several organized and
unorganized players jostling for space. Let us look into major
driving factors for this industry. There are several players operating
in the industry, which has led to a stiff price competition in the
market. While unorganized players sell their products at
significantly lower prices, products from the organized players are
generally sold at premium costs. The difference in prices can be
attributed to the quality of the products and the superior aftersales
services offered by the bigger brands.
 Components required for DC to AC
Inverter
 IC CD4047: CD4047 is a low power IC capable of operating in
either in a stable or monostable mode.
 Resistors (1K, 18K, 100 ohm-0.5W ×2) Resistor is a passive two
terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are
used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide
voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.
 1k resistor
 18k resistor
 100 ohm resistor
  Capacitor ( 0.22uf) A capacitor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that stores potential energy in an electric
field. Capacitor ( 0.22uf)
 12 V rechargeable battery A rechargeable battery,
storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is a
type of electrical battery which can be charged,
discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as
opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is
supplied fully charged and discarded after use.
 12V Rechargeable battery IRFZ44 MOSFET × 2 The
metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
(MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of field-
effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by
the controlled oxidation of silicon. Figure7, IRFZ44
MOSFET × 2
 Step down Tansformer( 230V primary 12v-0-
12V, 5Asecondary) A Step up Transformer is a
device which converts the low primary voltage
to a high secondary voltage i.e. it steps up the
input voltage. A Step down Transformer on the
other hand, steps down the input voltage i.e.
the secondary voltage is less than the primary
voltage. Figure8, step down transformer
  CONCLUSION
 Using the theoretical background we have
successfully simulated different types of Voltage
Source Inverter such as Single phase VSI, Three
phase VSI (180 degree conduction mode), Single
phase PWM Inverter. Further using this PWM
Inverter we have simulated the circuit for speed
control of Induction motor using closed loop V/f
control. Using a monostable, multivibrator
(CD4047) we have designed a single phase
inverter which successfully convert the 12 V dc
signal into 120 V, 50 Hz ac signal.
  REFERENCES
 https://www.nqr.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annexure
%20I_ 4.pdf
 https://www.electronicshub.org/step-down-transformer/
 https://www.istockphoto.com/in/photos/car- battery?
sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phra se=car
%20battery
 https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/18102/ce
ramic-capacitors-how-to-read-2-digit-markings
https://electrosome.com/low-power-inverter-using-
cd4047/
 https://www.petervis.com/electronics/Standard_Resistor_
Values/18K.html