AN ASSIGNMENT

ON
PHASE SEPARATION

Submitted by, Submitted to,

Dr. Didare Alam Muhsin
Md. Abu Bakar Siddique Professor
Roll no: 1408, Batch 45 Jahangirnagar University
Savar, Dhaka
Department of Pharmacy Date: 03/12/2020
Jahangirnagar University
Savar Dhaka
Coacervate: The term coacervate was coined in 1929 by Dutch chemist Hendrik G
Bungenberg de Jong and Hugo R. Kruyt while studying lyophilic colloidal
dispersions.

Coacervate is an aqueous phase rich in macromolecules such as synthetic

polymers, proteins or nucleic acids. It forms through liquid-liquid phase separation
(LLPS), leading to a dense phase in thermodynamic equilibrium with a dilute
phase. The dispersed droplets of dense phase are also called coacervates, micro-
coacervates or coacervate droplets.These structures draw a lot of interest because
they form spontaneously from aqueous mixtures and provide stable
compartmentalization without the need of a membrane.
Coacervate droplets dispersed in a dilute
phase
Coacervation: Also called phase separation, was the technique
developed in the 1950s by National Cash Register Co.

Coacervation involves the separation of a liquid phase of coating

material from a polymeric solution and wrapping of that phase as a
uniform layer around suspended core particles. Coacervation may be
brought about when the surface energies of the core material and coating
material are adjusted varying some parameter of the system such as
temperature, pH, or composition, for example. The coating material is
then solidified by means of heat, cross- linking, or solvent removal
techniques.
Simple coacervation deals with systems containing only one
colloidal solute (e.g., only gelatine).
COMPLEX COACERVATION:
When two polymers are oppositely charged, an electrostatic complex can be formed.
The electrostatically bound complexes can be either soluble or “insoluble”. The
“insoluble” complexes concentrate in liquid coacervate droplets, that further coalesce
and phase separate to form a separate coacervate layer. As a result, one phase of the
mixture is concentrated in the two polymers and the other phase contains mainly the
solvent.
Coacervation may also be subdivided into aqueous phase separation and nonaqueous
phase separation techniques.

Aqueous phase separation - which has been used to encapsulate citrus oil, vegetable
oils, and vitamin A - requires a hydrophilic coating, such as gelatine or gelatine-gum
acacia, and water- insoluble core particles. The resulting microcapsules may contain
payloads of 85-90% and can release their contends by pressure, hot water or chemical
reaction.

In nonaqueous phase separation, the coating is usually hydrophobic and the core
may be water-soluble or water immiscible. This process has been investigated for the
encapsulation of solid food additives such as ferrous sulphate (Balassa and Fanger, 1971).
Coacervation is a very efficient but expensive process.
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