To determine the acid value of the

lubricating oil and vegetable oil

 Overview

HOW
to determine it

WHY WHAT
is it important Is acid value
 What is acid value
• Acid value of oil is the number of milligrams of
potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free acids
present in one gram of the oil.
• The acid number is a measure of the amount of the
carboxylic acid groups in a chemical compound such
as a fatty acids.
 Why should we care about it?
• High acidity indicates oil has been oxidized
and hence roughly it is an indicator for the age
of the oil or it gives an idea how old the fatty
oil is. From this information we can predict the
stage at which lubricating oil should be
replaced.
 BUT,
why should we care about fatty acids

?
• Free fatty acids are a source of flavors and aromas. On one
side, short chain of free fatty acids tend to be water soluble
and volatile with characteristic smell. On the other hand, we
have long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The
later are more prone to oxidation in their free form and their
breakdown products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and
organic acids) provide characteristic flavors and aromas. In
most cases, these flavor and aromas are considered a defect
in oils, fats, and foods that contain them. However, there are
instances where oxidation of free fatty acid are key in the
development of desirable flavor and aroma in foods. This is
the case of aged cheeses and some processed meats.
• Different fat samples may contain varying amount of fatty
acids. In addition, the fats often become rancid during storage
and this rancidity is caused by chemical and enzymatic
hydrolysis of fats into free acids and glycerol. The amount of
free fatty acids can be determined volumetrically by titrating
the sample with potassium hydroxide. The amount of free
acids present or acid value of fat is a useful parameter which
gives an indication about the age and extent of its
deterioration
 To conclude
• Acid value is used
– To determine the quality of edible oils and lubricating oils
– To determine free fatty acids contents
– To determine the shelf life
– In industries, it becomes very important as it can
contribute a lot to low yeild.
Safe values of acid value TAN= Total acid number

Lubricating oil samples

 How to determine it

Vegetable Lubricating
Material oil oil
Required

Ethyl Potassium
alcohol hydroxide

Phenolpht Water
 Procedure
A known mass about 5g of the oil and 50 ml of
alcohol are taken in a flask.

The flask is then heated over a

water bath for about half an hour.
It is then titrated against N/10 KOH, using
phenolphthalein as indicator.
Acid value =

Where 56.1 is the mass of KOH

For our experiment

• Volume of KOH used for vegetable oil=6.6 ml

• Acid value= = 7.392

• Volume of KOH used for lubricating oil=9.8ml

• Acid value= = 10.972
 What we
discussed

HOW
to determine it

WHY WHAT
is it important Is acid value
 Thank You
• Group member :
– Mankesh Meena 19112056
– Manoj 19112057
– Manu Sharma 19112058
– Maunoo Prajapat 19112059
– Mohit Kumar 19112061