REPORT

CHAPTER 10 IN WATER
LOCAL , REGIONAL RESOURCE
,STATE AND ENGINEERING
MULTISTATE

WATER Ladaga, Kevin Clyde

Lamorena Jr, Dionicio

MANAGEMENT
R.

Martin, Grace

AGENCIES
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AGENCIES

LOCAL
WATER
AGENCIES
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 Term grassroots used to describe

desire of people to control issues of
local importance

 Federal intervention in local water

issues is often considered as intrusive,
but at the same time, federal
assistance is generally welcomed for
flood control, navigation, or water
supply development.
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Municipal Water Departments

 Provide drinking water to residents and
manage wastewater
 Funding derived from fees (water bills) and
local taxes
 Responsibility may include construction
and operation of
 Reservoirs
 Transmission pipelines
 Drinking water treatment plants
 Wastewater treatment plants
 Sewer lines
 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems
(MS4)
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 The Flood Control Act of 1928 (FCA

1928)authorized the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers to design and construct projects
for the control of floods on the Mississippi
River and its tributaries as well as
the Sacramento River in California.

 Flood Control Act of 1928- gave the

federal government the duty to handle
flood protection.
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FCA 1928 had three important effects

 It increased public awareness of advances in
flood control theory and practice.
 It put flood control on par with other major
projects of its time with the largest public works
appropriation ever authorized.
 And increased debate on local contributions to a
new level.
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-The federal governments role was not uniformly accepted

-Many were afraid that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

would gain too much power and control to Mississippi
river.
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REGIONAL WATER
AGENCIES
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Regional Water Agencies

 Serve multi-country areas

 Administer large irrigation project or watershed

flood protection programs or consolidate water
management issues
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Regional Water Agencies

Common goals:
 Minimize overlapping government authorities
 Reduce government administrative costs
 And increase efficiency
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Ditch and Irrigation Companies

 Only found west of the Mississippi River
 In 1800’s funding for construction of early diversion dams
and irrigation ditches in the west was provided by
investors
 Sold stock in ditch and irrigation companies
 As a stock owner you had a right to water once the system was built
 Irrigation
districts evolved during the early 1900’s
 Became the local partner for Bureau of Reclamation
 USBR constructed dams and canals with federal funds
 I rrigation districts run day-to-day operations and collect local
taxes and fees
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Ditch and Irrigation Companies

 Example is the Farwell Irrigation District in Farwell,
Nebraska
 Provides irrigation water to 50,000 acres
 Diversion dam on the Middle Loup River
 400 miles of delivery canals
 38 pumping plants
 Governed by federal law and USBR policy
 Staff of 20 employees
 Governed by a 3-member board of directors
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Regional Water Agencies

 Water Management Districts – Florida

 Although FL has high average annual rainfall (53
in) it has severe water supply problems
 Severe drought in 1960s caused water supply
shortages and fires in Everlgades
 Water Resources Act in 1972 created water
management districts
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Regional Water Agencies

 Water management districts collect taxes
 Manage surface and groundwater
 Districts follow water basin boundaries roughly
 Regulate water use through
 Permits
 Contract with federal water agencies
 Develop water management plans

www.sfwmd.gov/site/index.php
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MULTISTATE
WATER
AGENCIES
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 Chesapeake Bay Commission formed

in 1980
 TheChesapeake Bay
- The Chesapeake Drainage Basin
- The Chesapeake Bay Estuary and Watershed

 The Chesapeake Bay Commission

 21members of Chesapeake Bay
 Main goal

 The EPA and TMDL

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 Chesapeake Bay Commission formed in
1980
I. The Chesapeake Bay
 Is the largest estuary in the United States.
 It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by
Maryland and Virginia.
 The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers
64,299 square miles (166,534 km2) in the District
of Columbia and parts of six states: New York,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and
West Virginia.
 More than 150 rivers and streams drain into the
Bay.
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I. The Chesapeake Bay

 The bay is spanned in two places.

1.The Chesapeake Bay Bridge crosses the bay

in Maryland from Sandy Point (near Annapolis) to
Kent I sland
2. the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in
Virginia connects Virginia Beach to Cape
Charles.
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I. The Chesapeake Bay

 The largest rivers flowing directly into the bay, from
north to south, are:

 Susquehanna River  Potomac River

 Patapsco River  Pocomoke River
 Chester River  Rappahannock River
 Choptank River  York River
 Patuxent River  James River
 Nanticoke River
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new.eurekalert.org
Caption: This is a map of the Chesapeake Bay estuary.
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a. The Chesapeake Drainage Basin

en.wikipedia.org
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b. The Chesapeake Bay Estuary

Name origin: Chesepiooc,

Algonquian for
village "at a big river"

en.wikipedia.org
The Chesapeake Bay – Landsat.
photo
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What is the Chesapeake Bay Commission?

Who are they and what do they do?
The Chesapeake Bay Commission is a tri-
state legislative body representing Maryland,
Virginia and Pennsylvania.

 The commission was created in 1980 as a bi-state

commission to help Maryland and Virginia
collaborate and cooperate on Chesapeake Bay
management.
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 The Commission also serves as the legislative arm of
the Chesapeake Bay Program, advising each of the
jurisdictions represented by the Bay Program
partnership.
 the Commission has worked to promote policy in
several areas that are vital to Chesapeake Bay
restoration, including
-nutrient reduction,
-fisheries management,
-toxics remediation,
-pollution prevention,
-habitat restoration and
-land management.
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a. 21 members from the three states

 Fivelegislators each from Maryland, Virginia and
Pennsylvania

 A cabinet secretary from each state who is directly

responsible for managing his state’s natural
resources

 One citizen representative from each state

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b. Main Goal of the Commission

 To make sure that member states' common

interests are thoroughly represented in
regard to any federal goverment actions
that may affect them.
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The EPA and TMDL

 What action has EPA taken?

 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the

Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), a

historic and comprehensive “pollution diet” with rigorous

accountability measures to initiate sweeping actions to restore

clean water in the Chesapeake Bay and the region’s streams,

creeks and rivers.

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 What is a TMDL?
- Total Maximum Daily Load
-is essentially a “pollution diet” that identifies the maximum
amount of a pollutant the waterway can r eceive and still meet water
quality standards.
a. The Clean Water Act (CWA)
 All waters in the United States be “fishable” and
“swimmable.”
 Establish appropriate uses for their waters and adopt water
quality standards that are protective of those uses.
 every two years jurisdictions develop – with EPA approval –
a list of waterways that are impaired by pollutants and do not
meet water quality standards.
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b. Primary elements of a TMDL

 “wasteload allocations” for “point sources”
 “load allocations” for “non point sources”

c. The Pollution limits

 TMDL set Bay watershed limits of 185.9 million
pounds of nitrogen, 12.5 million pounds of
phosphorus, and 6.45 billion pounds of sediment
per year.
 25 percent reduction in nitrogen, 24 percent
reduction in phosphorus and 20 percent reduction
in sediment
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f. What is the Chesapeake Bay Program

 Includes the signers of the original 1983 Chesapeake Bay
Agreement
 It also includes the U.S. Department of Agriculture and
the headwater jurisdictions of Delaware, New York and
West Virginia.

g. How large is the Chesapeake Bay? How big is the watershed

that drains into it? How many people live within the watershed?
 The Bay itself is about 200 miles long
 home to more than 3,700 species of plants, fish and other
animals
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d. The Bay Pollutions

 The high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment
enter the water from a variety of sources, including
agricultural operations, urban and suburban runoff,
wastewater facilities, onsite septic systems, air
pollution, and other sources.

e. Chesapeake Bay water quality impacted by

actions on the land
 The Bay watershed is 16 times the size of the Bay, a
ratio much higher than any other comparable
watershed in the world
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 The Bay watershed totals about 64,000 square

miles, covering parts of six states and the District
of Columbia
 It stretches from Cooperstown, New York, to
Norfolk, Virginia.
 Nearly 17 million people live in the watershed,
and the population is growing by more than
130,000 each year.
www.epa.gov
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