NORTH MAHARAHSTRA KNOWLEDGE

CITY, JALGAON

ADVANCE EQUIPMENT IN
SURVEY
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GUIDED BY:-
MANISH UPADHYAY

PRESENTED BY:-
1. JAKIR TADAVI
2. PAWAN RATHOD
3. CHIRAG WANKHEDE
4. VSHAL PATIL
5. GAJANAN PAWAR
 ADVANCE EQUIPMENT IN
SURVEY

NORTH MAHARAHSTRA
KNOWLEDGE CITY, JALGAON
Topic we are presented :-
• BASIC OF SURVEY.
• MODERN SURVEY INSTRUMENT.
• INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL STATION.
• ROBOTIC TOTAL STATION.
• FUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATION.
• ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION.
• APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION.
• AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED.
BASICS OF SURVEYING

• Surveying is the most important, oldest practice carried out, which includes, taking
of measurements on, below or above the surface of the ground and to plan the
course of further actions, based on the findings of the survey.
• The linear measurements and angular measurements are measured with the aid of
few instruments, viz., tape, chain, staff, dumpy level, theodolite, etc
• All the readings are noted in field books or survey records and kept as a hard copy
and the calculations are done later in office
BASIC OF SURVEYING
• With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious.
INVENTION OF MODERN SURVEYING
• With these inventions, modern surveying practices came into existence.
• Hence with modern surveying instruments, survey work will be precise, faster and
less tedious.
• The data collected in microprocessor is directly transferred and stored in the
computer as a softcopy.
• Hence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are
gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as compass and Dumpy level.
 MODERN SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

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INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL STATION

• The total station is an improvised version of modern surveying instruments such as

EDM – Electronic distance measurement, auto level and digital level.
• Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance
meter (EMD).
• This combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of reflector by
aligning the instrument’s cross hair on the reflector and simultaneously measuring
the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances.
• On board micro-processor in the instrument, takes
care of recording, readings and the necessary computations.
The data can be easily transferred to a computer
where it can be used to generate map
 ROBOTIC TOTAL STATION
• The improvised total station by name ROBOTIC TOTAL STATION allows the
operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control.
• This eliminates the need of an assistant staff member, as the operator holds the
reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.

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FUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATION
• Coordinates determination:
Total station determines the coordinates of an unknown point relative
to the known coordinate by establishing a direct line of sight between the two
points. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under
survey and the coordinates of surveyed points relative to the total station position
are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation. Some total stations have Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which does not require direct line of sight to
determine coordinates.
• Distance measurement:
A total station has a small solid state emitter within the instrument’s
optical path. They generate modulated microwave or infrared signals that are
reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in
the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The
distance is thus determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies and
determining the integer number of wavelength, to the target, for each frequency.
• Angular measurement:
Most of the modern total stations have digital bar-codes on rotating
glass cylinder that are installed within the instrument. Angle measurements is done
through electro-optical scanning of these digital barcodes.

• Data processing:
The data recorded by the instrument may be downloaded from the
theodolite to a computer and the application software in turn generates a map of the
survey area. Many advanced models of total station have built-in microprocessor to
record and compute distances, horizontal and vertical angles.
ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

• Most accurate and user friendly.

• Gives position of a point (x, y and z) w. r. t. known point (base point).
• EDM is fitted inside the telescope.
• Digital display.
• On board memory to store data and compatibility with computers.
• Measures distance and angles and displays coordinates,
• Auto level compensator is available.
• Can work in lesser visibility also.
• Can measure distances even without prismatic target for lesser
distances.
• Is water proof.
• On board software are available.
• Total solution for surveying work
IN VARITIES OF FIELDS IN CIVIL ENGG FIELD USED FOR

Mainly used by land surveyors. General purpose angle measurements.

Used by archaeologists to record General purpose distance measurement.

excavations.

By Police, crime scene investigators, Provision of control surveys.

private accident re-constructionists and
insurance companies to take
measurements of scenes.

Contour and detail mapping

Setting out and construction work.

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

• Targets or Prisms to accurately define the target point of a direction measurement.

• A data recorder if one is not integrated into the total station.

• A download cable and software on a PC to capture and process the captured digital
data to produce contour and detail maps.
 CONCLUSION
• Total station makes the measurements more accurate.

• Total station records the data on its inbuilt data recorder and generates maps within a
fraction of time.

• Hence time consuming will be less and Total station made survey work easy.

• Hence TOTAL STATION IS A TOTAL SOLUTION FOR SURVEY WORK.

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