Microprocessor

System

Instructor: Engr. Khayzelle Cayabyab

Instruction Set

Definition
• These are the most important characteristic of an ISA or an
Instruction Set Architecture.

• set of steps or documentation that includes

information on how to operate, perform, or otherwise
maintain computer software or hardware.

Engr. KCayabyab
 INSTRUCTION SET AND CLASS
Topics

TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
DATA PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS

EXTENSIONS TO INSTRUCTION SETS CONTROL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

PARALLELISM INSTRUCTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUCTIONS

Engr. KCayabyab
 Menu
Transfer Instructions Menu

DATA TRANSFER
• Also called as information - moving instructions
• This can be made from memory to register and
vice versa (memory access instructions), as well as
from register to register, per word or per block of
memory words.

Address Manipulation Instructions

These instructions works on some processors where it
can recover the effective address.

Engr. KCayabyab
 DATA PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Menu
Menu

Arithmetic instructions Arithmetic instructions Bit Manipulation Bit Manipulation

for integers for integers instructions instructions
• Addition (add) • Increment (inc)
•
•
Subtraction (sub)
Mutiplication (mul)
•
•
Decrement (dec)
Addition with carry (addc)
Figure 1 Figure 2
• Division (div) • Subtract with borrow (sbb)

These instructions are also called transformational instructions

Engr. KCayabyab
 Previous Slide
Previous Slide

Engr. KCayabyab
 Menu
Menu

Engr. KCayabyab
CONTROL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS Menu
Menu

ase
These instructions alter the sequentially of p a rt icular c al
One ition
execution by making it possible to e cond
with th the loop-
jump to an instruction other than the also called jump is nditional
co
following one. They play a fundamental role
guarded or closing is a
in an c h , which t is
br p tha
predicated ard jum except
programming languages as it makes it backw
made, .
possible in particular to achieve a branch-on always st iteration
condition. execution on th e la
loop
c o n d itional s
Thi s a
s u re j um p w
cl o ic
a class
initially branching
ional
condit ith
tion w
instruc ling of the
t hand ter.
explici ou n
loop c

Conditional Execution
Branching Iteration Control

Engr. KCayabyab
 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUCTIONS Menu
Menu

04
Interrupt request and 03
01
interrupt return instructions
And Stopping instructions
Process Management
02
And Memory Management 01
02

03 Hardware detection
And Debugging
Updating
And Verification
04

Engr. KCayabyab
PARALLELISM INSTRUCTIONS Menu
Menu

Atomic instructions
Instructions are
executed atomically in
essence, that is, they
can be interrupted

Engr. KCayabyab
 EXTENSION TO INSTRUCTION SETS

MULTIMEDIA EXTENSION SIGNAL PROCESSING CRYPTOGRAPHY RANDOMIZATION

MANAGEMENT

Engr. KCayabyab
Summary
Instructions per MPU differs in number, name, mnemonic, number of operands, addressing modes in
syntax.
There is a process of classifying instructions and they are as follows:
• Transfer instructions
• Data Processing or Arithmetic processing instructions
• Control transfer instructions
• System control or environmental instructions
• Execution parallelism instruction
• Extensions

MPU – Microprocessor Unit
addc – Addition with carry
sbb – Subtract with borrow
ISR – Interrupt Service Routine
lea – Load Effective Address
ACRONYM
LMSW- Load Machine Status Word
SMSW – Store Machine Status Word
MSW – Machine Status Word
TLB – Translation Lookaside Buffer
BIOS – Basic Input/Output System

Engr. KCayabyab
THANK YOU