Mini Project on :

MANUFACTURING OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

By
Kamlesh Choudhary (1032171100)
Yash Bhutada (1032171401)

Guided By: Dr. Dinesh Bhutada

Introduction:
• A synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride.
• Versatile properties: Lightweight, Durable, Low Cost and Easy Processability
• Polymerization of PVC is an exothermic reaction.
• The raw material for the PVC production is vinyl chloride monomer, Initiator (Benzoyl Peroxide)
• The pressure in the reactor is usually in the range of 0.4 – 1.2 MPa and the reaction temperature is
between 35 – 70°C.
• For polymerization of PVC we use Suspension technique according to the literature survey.
Market Survey:
• Globally, Polymer industry is one of the leading contributors to economic growth.
• Global PVC demand in 2013 was observed to be approximate 39.3 million metric tons (MMT). Asia
having 43% share.
• Currently PVC consumption in India is about 2.3 MMT against domestic production capacity of 1.3
MMT, this is leading to demand-supply imbalance resulting in imports of 1 MMT PVC resin in the
country.
• Top 5 PVC producing countries includes China, USA, Germany, Japan, France.
• Shin-Etsu, Formosa Group, Occidental, Solvay, INEOS, LG Group, Georgia Gulf and Reliance
Industries being some of the leading producers of PVC in the world.
 Selection of Process:
• Suspension polymerization is the most prevalent technology in the world today
• Licensors for this technology are INEOS Technologies (UK) and Oxy Vinyl Corporation (US).
• In this process Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) droplets are dispersed in water medium aided with suspending agents
and agitated in the Reactors
• The polymer slurry from the reactors is first separated from unconverted VCM by steam stripping.
• Emulsion polymerization is the difficulty in coagulating and separating the polymer from the latex.
• On the other hand, suspension polymerization can produce a granular product directly of high productivity per unit
reactor volume, its flexibility with regard to polymer composition and resin particle characteristics and the granular
nature of its product.
• The Emulsion Polymerization process is similar to the suspension process except that large amounts of emulsifying
agents are used which result in very fine PVC particles. Consequently, separation of these fine PVC particles from
water cannot be done by centrifuging action
Process Flow Diagram: (PFD)

Ref: [2]
Thermodynamics:

ΔH= Hid - H° 2866.8

ΔS= Sid - S° 122.885982

C:\Users\Admin\3D Objects\MINI PROJECT\EXCEL PVC.xlsx

T 328
T° 298

ΔG = ΔH- TΔS   
ΔG -37439.802J/mol
  -37.439802KJ/mol
For
1. Material Balance & Energy Balance
2. Equipment Design
C:\Users\Admin\3D Objects\MINI PROJECT\EXCEL PVC.xlsx

For
Costing
Costing OF PVC plant (1).xlsx
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
 References:
1. The European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, May 2015, Reviewer: Matthias Schulz, DEKRA Assurance Services GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany.
2. VCM- Based PVC Production, Scribd: 424947416
3. https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/
4. https://www.techsciresearch.com/
5. Chemicals and Petrochemicals Manufacturers Association, India (CPMA)
6. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/
7. S-PVC Manufacturing Technology, Luqman Ahmad Shahid, Engro Polymer & Chemicals Ltd.
8. Drying of Polymers, by Arun S. Majumdar & Mainul Hasan; DOI:10.1201/9781420017618.ch41, Nov 2016.
9. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/
10.Chemical Process Design: Computer-Aided Case Studies. Alexandre C. Dimian and Costin Sorin Bildea, 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN:
978-3-527-31403-4
11.Modelling of industrial S-PVC reactor. Thor Mejdell, Torbjorn Pettersen, Christian Naustdal, Hallvard F. Svendsen, SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
12.CRC HANDBOOK of CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS, David R. Lide, 84 th Edition 2003-2004.
13.www.chemeo.com
14.http://polymerdatabase.com/
15.Chemical Engineering Design by Sinnot & Towler
16.Using the max. ratio, Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook 8th Edition 18-14
17.Plant Design & Economics for Chemical Engineering 5th Edition by Peters and Timmerhaus
18.Hazard & Operability Analysis of a PVC Manufacturing Plant at Karachi, Pakistan; Journal of Applied and Emerging Sciences, 2019, Vol (9), Issue (01).