BBD 3101 Geschichte Deutschlands

• Deutsche Bund
• Zollverein
• Die Industrielle Revolution
• Der Vormärz und die Revolution 1848
 Deutsche Bund

Zollverein Austro-Prussia (Seven Weeks' War) Holy Roman Empire German Confederation revolutionary

dissolved Congress of Vienna political tool Karlsbad (Carlsbad Decrees) Prussia

_________________
The German Confederation was founded at the ___________ on June 8, 1815. It was an association
of 39 German states in Central Europe and to coordinate the economies of separate German-
speaking countries and to replace the former ___________. It acted as a buffer between the
powerful states of Austria and Prussia. Britain approved of the confederation because London felt
there was need for a stable, peaceful power in central Europe that could discourage aggressive
moves by France or Russia.
_________________
1819 at a conference of German rulers in ___________, Austrian foreign minister Prince Klemens von
Metternich proposed governmental action to prevent any potential ___________ activity in the German
Confederation. This was supported by the German states, who pushed it through the confederation’s assembly.
Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia blocked reforms planned by his ministers.
_________________
Further efforts to improve the confederation began in 1834, the ___________ (German Customs Union) was
established. It was a coalition of German states formed to manage customs and economic policies within their
territories. It was organized by ___________, a customs union of 18 German states, which Austria refused to
join. The major goals of this establishment by Prussia: as a ___________ to eliminate Austrian influence in
Germany; as a way to improve the economies; and to strengthen Germany against potential French aggression
while reducing the economic independence of smaller states.
_________________
The original union cemented economic ties between the various Prussian and Hohenzollern territories, and
ensured economic contact between the non-contiguous holdings of the Hohenzollern family, which was also
the ruling family of Prussia. Austria was excluded because of its highly protected industry; this economic
exclusion exacerbated the ___________ rivalry for dominance in central Europe, particularly in the 1850 and
1860.
_________________
The ___________ was weakened by rivalry between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire and the
inability of its multiple members to compromise and was dissolved later in 1866. Most historians have judged
the Confederation as weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to the creation of a German nation-state.
_________________
After the ___________ of the German Confederation, Prussia created a new Bundesverhältnis (a new kind of
federation) in the North of Germany. The South German states were allowed to create a South German
Confederation but this did not come into existence. North German Confederation in 1867 covering all German
states north of the river Main and also the Hohenzollern territories in Swabia. Besides Austria, the South
German states Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, and Hesse-Darmstadt remained separate from the rest of
Germany. However, due to the successful prosecution of the Franco-Prussian War, the four southern states
joined the North German Confederation in November 1870.
Deutscher Bund
Der deutsche Zollverein
Fragen:

1. Where and when the foundation of the German Confederation was

decided?
 Wien, 1815
 Berlin, 1834
 Paris, 1866
Fragen:

2. In which document the broad organization of Germany have been

set?
 das Grundgesetz
 die deutsche Bundesakte
 die Weimarer Verfassung
Fragen:

3. Has the German Confederation been a state or a confederation?

 a state of countries with the same head of state
 a confederation of independent states
Fragen:

4. How many independent countries were members of the German

Confederation?
 39
 54
 67
Fragen:

5. Who was the supreme organ of the German states?

 The Austrian King
 The Prussia King
 The Federal Assembly in Frankfurt
Fragen:

6. What was the Federal Assembly in charge? What responsibilities did

it have
 expansion and conquest of colonies
 external and internal security of Germany
 war against Russia and France
Fragen:

7. What was missing in the German Confederation?

 an army
 a federal government, a parliament, and a supreme federal court
 a political spirit
Fragen:

8. What body of the German Confederation was the most developed?

 the Federal Army
 the Federal Ministry of Education
 the Federal Ministry of Agriculture
Fragen:

9. What role had the Federal Army?

 the most important
 the least important
Fragen:

10. What common interests had the members of the German?

 colonization in Africa
 war against France and Russia
 suppression of the demands for German unity
 Die Industrielle Revolution

Finden Sie Überschriften zu jedem Abschnitt

___________________
After the first appearance of industrialization in Britain, many other
nations eagerly pursued similar changes. In the 19th century the
Industrial Revolution spread not only to the United States, but also to
Germany, France, Belgium, and much of the rest of the Western
Europe. Often, skilled British workers and knowledgeable
entrepreneurs moved to other countries and taught the manufacturing
techniques that they have learned in Britain.
___________________
Germany used it rich iron and coal resources to develop heavy industry,
such as iron and still manufacture. It also proved to be an environment
that encouraged big businesses and cooperation among large firms.
The German banking sector, for example, was dominated by a few large
banks that coordinated efforts to increase industry.
___________________
Industrial Revolution was a widespread replacement of manual labor by
machines that began in Britain in the 18th century. It was the result of
many fundamental, interrelated changes that transformed agricultural
economies into industrial ones.
___________________
The most immediate changes were in the nature of production: what
was produced, as well as where and how. Goods that had traditionally
been made in the home or in small workshops began to be
manufactured in the factory. Productivity and technical efficiency grew
dramatically, in part through the systematic application of scientific and
practical knowledge to the manufacturing process.
___________________
Efficiency was also enhance when large groups of business enterprises
were located within limited area. The Industrial Revolution let to the
growth of cities as people move from rural areas into urban
communities in search of work. Economy development was combined
with superior military technology to make the nation of Europe the
most powerful in the world in 18th and 19th centuries.
___________________
The Industrial Revolution is called a revolution because it changed the
society both significantly and rapidly. The social changes brought about
by the Industrial Revolution were significant. Large portion of the
population relocated from the country site to the towns and cities
where manufacturing centers were found. The overall amount of goods
and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of
capital investor per worker grew. New groups of investors, business
people, and managers took financial risks and reaped great rewards.
___________________
Particularly important were improvements in transportation, such as
faster ships, and communication, especially printing. These
improvements played a key role in the development of the Industrial
Revolution by encouraging the movement of the new ideas and
mechanisms. These new methods included different machines, fresh
sources of power and energy, and novel forms of organizing business
and labor. For the first time technical and scientific knowledge was
applied to business practices on a large scale. Humankind had begun to
develop mass production. The result was an increase in material goods,
usually selling for lower prices than before.
___________________
Iron and steel manufacture, the production of steam engines, and
textiles were all powerful influences, as was the rise of a machine-
building sector. Modern industry requires power to run its machinery.
During the development of the Industrial Revolution, coal was the main
source of power. Coal was adopted by the brewing, metalworking, and
glass and ceramics industries.
 Erfindungen

Dampfmachine Elektrische Gleiter Dynamo Auto

Straßenbahn

Lokomotive Zeppelin Motorrad Spinning Jenny Röntgengerät

 Erfindungen

1. ___________________ 2. ___________________
 Erfindungen

3. ___________________ 4. ___________________
 Erfindungen

5. ___________________ 6. ___________________
 Erfindungen

7. ___________________ 8. ___________________
 Erfindungen

9. ___________________ 10. ___________________

 Was ist was? Ordnen Sie zu.
1. Die Dampfmaschine
2. Die Spinning Jenny
3. Der Dynamo
4. Die elektrische Straßenbahn
5. Die Lokomotive
6. Das erste Auto
7. Das erste Motorrad
8. Der Gleiter
9. Der Zeppelin
10. Das Röntgengerät
a. wandelt Energie um.
b. wurde von Karl Benz und Gottlieb Daimler
gebaut.
c. wurde von James Watt erfunden.
d. war das erste Luftschiff.
e. ist eine Maschine zum Verspinnen von
Wolle.
f. macht Knochen im Körper sichtbar.
g. benutzte einen Otto-Motor.
h. fuhr in Deutschland zwischen Nürnberg
und Fürth.
i. ersetzte Pferdebahnen.
 Eine neue Klasse: die Arbeiter
rural long hours stresses Industrial machines technological
Revolution

Increased manufacturing minimum Women factories industrial

One of the most obvious changes to people’s lives was that more people moved into the urban areas where __________ were
located. Beginning in the early 18th century, more people in rural areas were competing for fewer jobs. The __________ population
had risen sharply as new sources of food became available, and death rates declined due to fewer plagues and wars.

At the same time, many small farms disappeared. Some small farmers had to sell out to large landholders and search for work
elsewhere. New __________ towns and cities grew dramatically. Many of these cities were close to the coalfields that supplied fuel
to the factories. The movement of people away from agriculture and into industrial cities brought great __________ to many
people in the labor force.

__________ in households who had earned income from spinning found the new factories taking away their source of income.
Traditional handloom weavers could no longer compete with the mechanized production of cloth. Skilled laborers sometimes lost
their jobs as new __________ replaced them.

In the factories, people had to work __________ under harsh conditions. Factory owners and managers paid the __________
amount necessary for a work force, often recruiting women and children to tend the machines because they could be hired for very
low wages. Soon critics attacked this exploitation, particularly the use of child labor.

The population of German lands grew from about 20 million in 1750 to 33 million in 1816, and up to 52 million by 1865. __________
social and geographic mobility contributed to the growth of urban centers. By the end of the century, some cities had exploded in
population (for example, Hamburg grew from 132,000 to 768,000 people and Munich went from 45,000 to 422,00.

Housing in most of these cities unfortunately logged far behind population growth, spawning dreadful urban slums. Infant and child
mortality rates remained appallingly high, and illegitimately births rose from 15 percent in the early 19th century to 25 percent by
mid-century. This boom was the result in part of the __________ , which hit Germany, which full force in the 1850.

In the next two decades, economic and __________ growth exploded. Coal production in German lands went from 3.8 million
metric tons to 21.5 million metric tons and the annual industrial growth rate of 10.2 percent was the highest in the world. By 1862, a
massive network of roads and railway lines connected all German cities. By the time of unification in 1871, the German empire had
become one of the major __________ powers of the world.
Fragen:
1. The industrial Revolution led to an increase in
 imports.
 free time activities.
 population.
Fragen:
2. During the Industrial Revolution many people moved
 to the coast.
 to the cities.
 to the countryside.
Fragen:
3. At the time of the Industrial Revolution Germany’s main raw material
was
 coal.
 iron.
 gold.
Fragen:
4. Before steam-powered shipes sailed across the seas they used
 gas.
 wind energy.
 electric motors.
Fragen:
5. Factory workers got little money because
 owners wanted to keep costs down.
 the banks did not have a lot of money.
 they didn’t need so much to live.
Fragen:
6. The Industrial revolution began in
 the USA.
 Germany.
 England.
Fragen:
7. The first Asian country to become industrialized was
 Japan.
 India.
 China.
Fragen:
8. Before the Industrial Revolution making cloth was done
 on a spinning wheel.
 in a factory.
 on the cotton fields.
Fragen:
9. Britain sold a lot of its industrial goods
 in Europe.
 in its own country.
 in the overseas colonies.
Fragen:
10. Most of the coal mining in Germany centered around
 the Ruhrgebiet.
 Berlin.
 the Alpes.
Der Vormärz und die Revolution 1848
1. __________________
In 1844, weavers in Silesia rose up against the awful living-conditions,
demanding more money for their products. The Prussian military killed
dozens of weavers. It was the first uprising of workers, which later
resulted in the revolution of 1848. In 1846, Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels published the “ Communist Manifesto” urging: “Workers,
unite!”.
2. __________________
The July Revolution in Paris in 1830 set off liberal uprisings in many
German states. At Metternich’s urging, the confederation forbade
public meetings and banned petitions. Nevertheless, in early 1848,
another wave of revolutions, again beginning in Paris, washed over
Europe. Metternich resigned under pressure, and Austrian emperor see
Ferdinand I resigned in favor of his young nephew Francis Joseph I.
3. __________________
Violent uprisings also took place in Bavaria, Prussia, and southwestern
Germany. The frightened rulers agreed to send delegates to an
assembly in Frankfurt, promising a constitution and improved civil
rights. In March 1848 people of Prussia rose up against the rule of the
Prussian King, Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Hundreds were killed in the streets
of Berlin.
4. __________________
The Frankfurt Assembly wrote a liberal constitution for a united
Germany under a hereditary emperor. Austria refused to allow its
German lands to be included, so the assembly regretfully decided that
Germany should consist of the German states without Austria. For lack
of an alternative, they offered the crown to Friedrich Wilhelm, who
refused it. The assembly dispersed in failure.
5. __________________
By October 1848, the rebellions were crushed. In Austria, a liberal
constitutional assembly was dissolved, and a constitution providing
highly centralized, although representative government was imposed.
In Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV imposed an authoritarian constitution.
6. __________________
By 1850, the authoritarian German Confederation was restored and
most of the revolutionaries and liberals had been exiled or imprisoned.