Pathophysiology

of
Urinary Tract Infection

By: Sourabh billore

Assist. Prof. FOPMU
 Definition
• A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an
infection in any part of urinary system
kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

• Most infections involve the lower urinary

tract — the bladder and the urethra.
• UTIs are about 50-fold more common in
women

• adults aged 20 to 50 years at high risk

• FDA: An estimated 50 % of women report

having had a UTI at some point in their
lives.
• There are two types of UTI

• Ascending Infection: fecal flora(from rectal)

invade in UT.

• Descending Infection: from Blood or lymph

Ascending is very common.

Based on site of infection UTI involved

• Urethritis: infection of anterior urethral

tract.

• Cystitis: infection to urinary bladder

• Pyelonephritis: infection of one/both

kidneys; sometimes lower tract also.
 Causative organism

• The bacteria that most often cause cystitis and

pyelonephritis
Enteric, usually gram-negative aerobic bacteria
(most often)
Escherichia coli : 75 to 95% of cases
Others:
• Klebsiella
• Proteus mirabilis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Gram-positive bacteria (less often)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Enterococcus faecalis

Streptococcus agalactiae
 UTI risk
• Diabetes melitus
• Urine Retention
• Impaired immune
• Shorter Urethra (female)
• Sexual Intercourse
• Bacterial Prostatis
• age
• Urine is normally sterile

• Contains in the fluid salts and waste

products

• Unrestricted flow, no reflux, no bladder

residues

• no reflux: unidirectional flow valve of

ureters
 Etiology

Causative organism

Invade in Urinary tract most common bladder

Decrease flow

Increase urine

Decrease pH

Organism colonization

Infection
• Treatment

Antibiotics

Personal hygiene