Endogenic

Processes
Endogenic Process

– Internal processes that occur beneath Earth.

These results in reshaping of Earth’s landforms.
There are important endogenic processes that
play important roles in the formation of different
landforms – these are tectonic processes
(folding, faulting and shearing) and volcanism.
Tectonics

– Study of the processes that deform Earth’s

crust
Continental Drift Theory

– Alfred Wegener
– He suggest that the continents were all
originally part of a huge landmass called
PANGAEA that was surrounded by a single
ocean known as PANTHALASSA.
Evidences of the Continental Drift
Theory

– Jigsaw puzzle fit

– Fossils
– Rocks
– Coal deposits
– Climate
Evidence from the Jigsaw Puzzle fit
Evidences from fossils
Evidence from rocks
Evidences from Coal deposits and
climate
– Coal Deposits
Coal beds were found from the compaction and
decomposition of swamp plants that lived million
years ago. These were discovered in South
America, Africa, Indian subcontinent, Southeast
Asia, and even in Antarctica.
How is a coal bed formation in Antarctica?

The current location of Antarctica could not sustain substantial

amount of life. If there is a substantial quantity of coal in it, thus, it
only means that Antarctica must have been positioned in a part of
the Earth where it once supported large quantities of life. This
leads to the idea that Antarctica once experienced a tropical
climate, thus, it might have been closer before to the equator.
– One of the major objections to the
continental drift theory is its ability to
provide mechanism that explains the
movement of the continents across the
globe.
Plate tectonic theory

– Which suggest that the lithospheric plates

are continuously moving.
Evidences of Plate tectonic theory

– Paleomagnetism or fossil magnetism

– Distribution of earthquakes
Plate boundary

– Convergent
– Divergent
– Transform
Volcanism

– Part of the process of bringing the material

from the deep interior of a planet and spilling it
forth the surface.
– In many cases, eruptions build a piled of
material, a mountain which is called as
VOLCANO.
Volcanism

– Is an activity of a volcano
Volcano

– Is a vent or a series of vent on the Earth’s

crust.
Two types of Volcanic eruption

– Effusive
– Explosive
Effusive

– Lava steadily flow out of a volcano unto the

ground.
– Low in SiO2(Silicon dioxide)
Explosive

– Magma is violently fragmented and rapidly

expelled from a volcano.
– Rich in SiO2(Silicon dioxide)
– When a volcano erupts, three states of
matter are ejected
– Solid(volcanic blocks, dust, ash)
– Liquid(Lava)
– Gases(water vapor, CO2, CO, SO2)
Types of Lava’s surface

– Pahoehoe – smooth
– a a - rough
PHIVOLCS

– Philippine Institute of Volcanology and

Seismology
– The country government agency that deals
with volcanic activities and earthquakes.
– Active (25)
– Inactive(26)
– Extinct (300)
Effects of Volcanic Eruption

– Life Hazard
– Environmental hazard
– Effects on aircrafts’ flight
Effects of Volcanic Eruption

– Agricultural benefits
– Good source of electricity
– Recreational and health benefits
– Industrial benefits and research
– Creation of new land
– Natural way of preserving Earth and Human’s history