Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction On Transister
Introduction On Transister
(BJT)
Presented by
Swati Mohod
Asst. Professor,
Electrical Engineering
Introduction
• A transistor is a device that can be used as
either an amplifier or a switch. Transistor is
current controlling device.
αdc is the fraction of charge carriers emitted from emitter, that enter into the
collector region
ICBO is the reverse saturation current in CB diode
--------------(3)
------------ (4)
where &
Since value of αdc is around 0.99, ICEO >> ICBO
CB Output characteristics
– A plot of IC versus VCB for
various values of IE
– Three regions are identified:
Active,
Cutoff,
Saturation
Active region:
• E-B junction forward biased
• C-B junction reverse biased
• IC is positive, VCB is positive
• IC increases with IE
Cut off Region:
• When IE = 0, IC = ICBO
• ICBO is collector to base current with emitter open
• – Below this line we have cut-off region
• – Here both junctions are reverse biased
Saturation Region:
• Region to the left of y-axis (VCB negative)
• Here both junctions are forward biased
• IC decreases exponentially, and eventually changes direction
• Output resistance ro
1. Fixed bias:
• Cons:
1. Q-point is unstable
• If temperature increases, then β increases, and
hence ICQ and VCEQ vary (effectively Q-point shifts)
• If the transistor is replaced with another
transistor having different β value, then also Q-
point shifts
Load Line Characteristics: Variation in load line with
circuit parameters VCC, RC and RB
• Load Line
– We have: