Alpha Beta

Gamma Particles
ELECTRONIC & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
MEMBERS :

 ABHINAV BAGHEL (20EI01)

 ABHISHEK JAISWAL (20EI02)
 ADITYA KUMAR (20EI04)
 ANIKET KUMAR DIWAKER (20EI08)
 SHIVAM CHAURASIYA (20EI39)
 Shivam Kumar Yadav (20EI41)
ALPHA PARTICLES

An alpha ray is a stream of alpha particles. An alpha particle consists of two

protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium
nucleus. It is radioactive and is produced in the process of alpha decay. They are
a highly ionizing form of particle radiation, that when resulting from radioactive
alpha decay have low penetration depth. 

Alpha particles are named after the first letter in the Greek alphabet, α. The
symbol for the alpha particle is α or α2+Alpha particles have a net spin of zero.
Due to the mechanism of their production in standard alpha radioactive decay,
alpha particles generally have a kinetic energy of about 5 MeV, and a velocity in
the vicinity of 4% of the speed of light.
Properties of Alpha Particles
 Alpha rays are the positively charged particles.
 Their Range is ~10 cm in air, can be stopped by 1mm of
Aluminiumand a mass of 6.6466 × 10–27 kg.
 Alpha-particle is highly active and energetic helium atom
that contains two neutrons and protons. 
 These particles have the minimum penetration power and
highest ionization power. 
 They can cause serious damage if get into the body due to
their high ionization power.
 They are capable of ionizing numerous atoms by a short
distance.
 It is due to the fact that the radioactive substances that
release alpha particles are required to be handled after
wearing rubber gloves.
BETA PARTICLES

A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-

energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an 
atomic nucleus during the process of beta decay. There are two forms of beta
decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons and positrons
respectively.

Beta particles are a type of ionizing radiation and for radiation protection

 purposes are regarded as being more ionising than gamma rays, but less
ionising than alpha particles. The higher the ionising effect, the greater the
damage to living tissue, but also the lower the penetrating power of the
radiation.
Properties of Beta Particles
 Beta particle are Negqtively charged particles.
 Beta particles are extremely energetic electrons that are
liberated from the inner nucleus.
 Their Range is Upto a few m in air, can be stopped by a thin
layer of Aluminium.
 They bear negligible mass of 9.109 × 10–31 kg.
 They carry the negative charge of -e.
 A neutron in the nucleus splits into a proton and an electron
on the emission of a beta particle. Hence, it is the electron that
is emitted by the nucleus at a rapid pace.
 Beta particles have a higher penetration power when
compared to alpha particles and can travel through the skin
with ease.
 Beta particles can be dangerous and any contact with the
body must be avoided, though their ionization power is low.
GAMMA PARTICLES

A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or {\displaystyle

\gamma }), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the 
radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength
electromagnetic waves and so imparts the highest photon energy.

Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any wave in
the electromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by the hottest and most
energetic objects in the universe, such as neutron stars and pulsars, supernova
explosions, and regions around black holes. 
Properties of Gamma Particles

 The waves arising from the high-frequency end of

the electromagnetic spectrum that has no mass are
known as gamma rays.
 It has a charge 0 and mass 0.
 Their Range is Several m in air, can be stopped by
a thick layer of Lead.
 They hold the highest power of penetration.
 They are the most penetrating but least ionizing and
very difficult to resist them from entering the body.
 The Gamma rays carry a large amount of energy
and can also travel via thick concrete and thin lead.
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