• GLANDULAR SYSTEM

Group member names ,

Group name:DNAwesome
Mamta Gurung
Samikshya Thapa
Sujata Chhetri
Rekha Pun
Subikshya Khadka
GLANDULAR SYSTEM: Our glandular systems are the communication network that
regulates our ambitions and emotions, promotes growth and sexual identity, helps
to control body temperatures, assists in the repair of broken tissue, and helps our
bodies to generate energy. There are two types of glands that make up our
glandular system.
Endocrine Glands
Features of hormones
The endocrine system uses hormones to control and
coordinate your body's internal metabolism (or homeostasis)
energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and
response to injury, stress, and environmental factors.
Consider the following FEATURES of hormones :
1. Hormones are secreted by endocrine gland.
2. Most of the hormones have specific role.
3. Hormones are chemical messenger.
4. They are transported to the targeted organ by blood.
5. Hormones are active in extremely minute
concentrations.
 Importance of hormones
• Endocrine glands are part of your endocrine system. They make
hormones and release them into your bloodstream. These hormones
control a number of important functions in your body, such as:
• your growth and development
• metabolism
• mood
• reproduction

1. They also co-ordinate and integrate the activities of all body cells, tissues,
organs and system.
2. They are responsible for both physical and mental health of the body.
3. They help to regulate our body’s processes like,hunger, blood pressure any
sexual desire.
The major endocrine glands found in human
body are:

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroid
3. Parathyroid
4. Pancreas
5. Adrenal
6. Gonads
 The Pituitary Gland

• The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland

at the base of your brain, just behind the
bridge of your nose. It’s controlled by
the hypothalamus, which sits just above
it. The pituitary gland is often called the
master gland because it controls a
number of other hormone glands,
including the: thyroid, adrenal gland,
testes, ovaries
It consists of anterior pituitary lobe,
intermediate
 HYPOTHALAMUS
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus functions as a communication center for your pituitary gland,
sending signals and messages to the pituitary to produce and release hormones
that trigger the production and release of other hormones.
Your hypothalamus influences a number of your body’s functions, including:
•temperature regulation
•food intake
•sleep and wakefulness
•thirst
•memory
•emotional behavior
 The Thyroid Gland

Thyroid gland is an endrocrine gland in the

neck consisting of two connected lobes.The
thyroid is located at the front of the neck.It
releases hormones that control metabolism.It
role in the metabolism,growth and development
of human body.
Parathyroid Gland

Parathyroid gland are four in number and are located

on the postsecret surface of the parathyroid.
Signification hyposecretion/hypothairism)
cause the decrease in the calcium level which
cause carmps.Hyper parathyroidism stilmulated
the realize of more calcium from the bones.
This order is called Osteoporosis.
 Adrenal Gland : THE EMERGENCY GLAND

Adrenal glands are located at the top of each kidney.

They produce various hormones, some of which
include : aldosterone, cortisol, adrenaline.
• The hormones produced by your adrenal glands have
several important functions. They help your body:
control blood sugar
• burn fat and protein
• regulate blood pressure
• react to stressors
• Maintains ionic concentration of Blood, i.e.,
concentration of Sodium ion, Potassium ion and
Calcium ion.
 HYPER AND HYPO SECRETION OF ADRENAL
GLANDS
Hyper-secretion
• In males-Enlargement of Breasts
• In females- Hoarse voice & appearance of Facial hair
• Cushing’s Syndrome :Rise in Blood volume, Rise in BP, Rise in Blood
Sugar level, obesity
• Conn’s Syndrome/Aldosteronism : Kidney failure, High Blood Sugar
level, High Na level in blood

Hypo-secretion
• Addison’s Disease : Low Na level in blood, Low BP, Low Blood Sugar
level, Nausea
• Stress
Pancreas(Islets of Langerhans)

Pancreas is an organ that makes hormones and enzymes

to help break down carbohydrates,fats and proteins.
The pancreas is behind the stomach and is on the
left side of the human body.Pancreas is a double
gland i.e. exocrine and endocrine glands.The cells
of islets of langerhans secret two hormones:Insulin
and Glucagon.
 Gonads
Testes of male and
ovary of female
constitute the gonads.
They secrete male
and female hormones:
 Ovaries

. The ovaries are the pair of female

gonads located in the cavity of
pelvis. These hormones stimulate
the growth of female sex organs
like uterus and ovaries. They are
responsible for the secondary
female sexual character like
development of mammary glands,
onest of menstrual cycle etc.
 TESTES

The testes (or testicles) are a pair

of sperm-producing organs that
maintain the health of the male
reproductive system.
The testes are known as gonads.
They are two oval-shaped male
reproductive glands that produce
sperm and the hormone
testosterone
Different between nervous system and
endocrine system

Nervous System
• The nervous system controls the
various functions by the unit called
neurones.
• Nervous system has a network of
nerves spread throughout the body.
• Nervous system transmit
information in the form of
electrical impulses.
• Endocrine system controls the
various functions by the
secretion of hormones.
• Endocrine system has not such
a network.
• Endocrine system transmit
chemical message slowly.