The Arts and Crafts Movement

Dallas Hudgens
“ For when you begin to realize, that all kinds of

invented Form, and Tone, and Colour, are alike

true and honorable aspects of Art, you see

something very much like a revolution looming

ahead of you”

- Selwyn Image

(The Hobby Horse 1887)

Span of the Movement

Movement
1850-1910

Flourished
1880-1910
Queen Victoria
1837-1901

Spread of the Movement

-Started in Great Britain
-America
-Germany

http://www.republic.org.nz/node/863
Inspiration for the Movement
Gothic Revival
Gothic Style
-Ornamental details
-Extravagant embellishments
(silverware and furniture)
-Elaborate borders and lettering

A.W.N Pugin (1812-1852)

-Lead Gothic Revival in England
-House of Parliament
-Church of St. Oswald

Westminster Palace (House of Parliament)

London, England, UK
http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbi.c
gi/Westminster_Palace.html/cid_11602862
71_Westminster_Palace_03.html
The Grammar of Ornament
Owen Jones (1809-1874)
Japanese Influence
Woodblock Prints
-Pre-industrialized era

Walter Crane (1845-1915)

-Introduced to the West
-Inspired by prints

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm
Henry Cole
-Noticed need for design
-Journal of Design 1849
-“art manufacture”

The Crystal Palace and

The Great Exhibit of 1851
-Joseph Paxton (1801-1865)
-Glass and Iron
-800,000 sq ft
Pre-Raphaelites

-Rejected mechanistic approach

-Truth to nature
-Dedication to detail and accuracy
-Fascinated with medieval culture
-Art was spiritual

Influenced by Pre-Raphaelites
-John Ruskin
-William Morris
-Edward Burne-Jones

Jane Burden Morris as Proserpine

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proserpine-(utdrag).jpg
Ideology
Response to Industrial Revolution
Created
-Lack of quality and craftsmanship
-Lack of design
-Relentless copying sucked out life
Advocated
-Return to handcrafted works
-Return to gothic style
“tastelessness of mass produced goods
and the lack of honest craftsmanship
could be addressed by a reunion of art
with craft.”
“fitness of purpose, truth to the nature
of the materials and methods of
production, and individual expression
by both designer and worker” –
William Morris
Important People

John Ruskin (1819-1900)

“Beautiful things were valuable and

useful precisely because they were
beautiful”

-Rejected the industrialization

-Believed it separated art and society
-Called for union of Art and Labor

http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/poets/john_ruskin/photo
William Morris (1834-1896)

-Writer: poetry, fiction, and philosophy

-Inspired by Ruskin’s philosophy
-Urged revival of handcrafts
-Built famous house: Red house
-Established design firm
-Some call hypocrite

http://thetextileblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/original-artwork-of-william-morris.html
Phillip Web (1831-1915)

-Built the Red House 1859

-L-shaped
-Exterior in response to interior

http://www.ontarioarchitecture.com/ArtsandCrafts.htm
Morris, Marshal, Faulkner and Company 1861
Created from difficulty in finding
furnishing for his home and designing
own works
Wanted company to implement Ruskin’s
ideas
Partners included Pre-Raphaelites
-Edward Burne-Jones
-Rossetti
-Ford Madox Brown
-Phillip Webb
Morris and Company 1875

Morris Chair
Designed by Warington Taylor
http://www.art.com/products/p12260715-sa-i1641255/william-morris-chair-by-wil
liam-morris-upholstered-in-original-bird-woollen-tapestry-circa-1870.htm
Morris and Company

Strawberry Thief - textile

http://www.morrissociety.org/designs.htm#textiles

Pelicans symbolic of Sacrifice

- Stained Glass
http://www.stainedglassphotography.com/Galleries/Morris/Morris1.htm
Morris’ Designs

Acanthus 1875
http://thetextileblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/william-morris-wallpape
rs.html

Rose 1883
http://thetextileblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/original-artwork
-of-william-morris.html
Private Press Movement
Concerned with aesthetics for design and
production of books

Return to printing style before Industrial

Revolution
-Design standards
-High-quality materials
-Workmanship

Arthur Mackmurdo headed the movement

Wren's City Churches 1883

http://www.all-art.org/history424.html
Arthur Mackmurdo (1851-1942)
Trademark of the
Century Guild
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depst
Established the Century Guild 1882 a/iss/library/speccoll/boma
rch/bommay06.html

Philosophy
-Great care in the design
-To have designed arts recognized as
an art form

The Hobby Horse

-periodical of their work

Introduced movement to Europe

The Hobby Horse Title Page 1886

http://www.all-art.org/history424.html
Kelmscott Press (1891-1898)
Recapture beauty of printed
books
Handpress followed Morris’ ideals
of returning to handmade craft
Created a style similar to
Illustrated manuscripts

The Story of the Flittering Plain

by Morris with Crane’s illustrations

Works of Geoffrey Chaucer

Guild and School of Handicraft 1888

Charles R. Ashbee (1863-1942)

“…embodying, as it does, all the

principles underlying these new schools
which are more essentially workshops
that schools.” –NY Times 1902

1903
Essex House Press 1896 http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?int
ObjectID=5185631

-Kemscott equipment
Other Private Presses

Ashendene Press 1895

-C.H. St. John Hornby
-All capitals

Doves Press 1900

-T.J. Cobden-Sanderson
& Emery Walker Legend 1922
-pure typography http://library.rit.edu/cary/cc_db/20th_century/6.html

Roy Croft Press

-Elbert Hubbard (American)
-mimicked Kelmscott

Doves Roman 1922

http://latypeblog.blogspot.com/2007/03/kelmscott-press-doves-press-updike-and.html
Typography

Morris’ Typefaces

Golden (top)
-The Golden Legend by Voragine
- Nicolas Jenson

Troy (bottom)
-Gothic
-Legible

Chaucer
-Smaller version of Troy

http://www.identifont.com/show?6PM
Rudolf Koch (1876-1934)
-German type designer
-Teacher at Offenback am Main
-Built upon calligraphic tradition with
medieval influence

Frederic W. Goudy (1865-1947)

-Designed – Camelot
-Design, cut, cast – 122 typefaces
-Freelance type designer

Camelot 1895
http://www.identifont.com/show?L8S
Relation to Modern Design

“only careful planning of every

-Creation of standards aspect--paper, ink, type, spacing,
margins, illustration, and ornament--
-Demanding quality could result in design unity” – Emery
-Advancement in book design Walker

-Addison Dwiggins coined term “graphic

designer”
“well-crafted typographic pages,
generous margins, wide
linespacing, and meticulous
printing alive with handcut wood
block illustrations…”
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism#cite_note-4

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/exot/hd_exot.htm
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/DLDecArts.GramOrnJones
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513091/John-Ruskin
http://www.william-morris.co.uk/history1.aspx?P=4
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/prb.html
http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/prb/1.html
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?
res=F10A11FB3A5F12738DDDAC0894DF405B828CF1D3
http://www.hricik.com/Roycroft/roycroftlinks.html
Ferebee, Ann. A History of Design from the Victorian Era to the Present. New York
: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1970. 14-44. Print.
Meggs, Philip. A History of Graphic Design . 3rd ed. New York : John Wiley &
Sons, 1998. 145-178. Print.
The Arts and Crafts Movement
Dallas Hudgens