MA G NE TI C M A TE R I A L S

: F A HIM A S G HA R ( 28 02 )
PREPARED BY
B M IT T ED TO : S IR K H A W AR
SU
INTRODUCTION
• MAGNETIC MATERIALS:
1. MATERIALS WHICH GET EASILY
MAGNETIZED IN MAGNETIC FIELD.
2. MAGNETIC MATERIALS ARE THOSE
MATERIALS IN WHICH A STATE OF
MAGNETIZATION CAN BE INDUCED.
3. SUCH MATERIALS WHEN MAGNETIZED
CREATE A MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE
SURROUNDING SPACE.

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BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

• MAGNETIC DIPOLE: TWO EQUAL AND OPPOSITE MAGNETIC POLES SEPARATED

BY A SMALL DISTANCE.

• MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT: PRODUCT OF POLE STRENGTH AND LENGTH OF

MAGNET

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BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

• MAGNETIC INDUCTION OR MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY: IT REPRESENTS

MAGNITUDE OF INTERNAL FIELD STRENGTH WITHIN A SUBSTANCE THAT IS
SUBJECTED TO H FIELD.

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BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
• MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY: RATIO BETWEEN MAGNETIC
INDUCTION AND PERMEABILITY OF MATERIAL.

• MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY: IT HELPS US MEASURE A MATERIAL'S

RESISTANCE TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD OR MEASURE OF THE DEGREE
TO WHICH MAGNETIC FIELD CAN PENETRATE THROUGH A MATERIAL.

• RELATIVE PERMEABILITY: RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IS THE RATIO

OF THE PERMEABILITY TO A GIVEN FLUID IN THE PRESENCE OF
OTHER FLUIDS TO THE ABSOLUTE PERMEABILITY.

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CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
• WITHOUT PERMANENT MAGNET MOMENTS: DIAMAGNETIC MATERIALS.
• WITH PERMANENT MAGNET MOMENTS:
(1). PARAMAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2). FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
(3). ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
(4). FERRI MAGNETIC MATERIALS

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DIAMAGNETIC MATERIALS

IT IS A SUBSTANCE WHICH SUSCEPTIBILITY IS THEY HAVE RELATIVE THEY REPEL LINES OF

CREATES MAGNETIC FIELD IN
OPPOSITE TO EXTERNALLY NEGATIVE. PERMEABILITY LESS FORCE SLIGHTLY.
APPLIED FIELD. THAN UNITY.

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PARAMAGNETIC MATERIALS
It is a substance or body which very weakly attracted by the poles of a magnet, but not retaining any
permanent magnetism.

These have relative permeability slightly greater than unity and are magnetized slightly.

They attract the lines of forces weakly.

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FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS

THESE TYPES OF MATERIALS ARE THE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IS MUCH ALSO HAVE HIGH SUSCEPTIBILITY.
HIGHLY ATTRACTED TO MAGNETS AND GREATER THAN UNITY AND ARE
CAN BECOME PERMANENTLY DEPENDENT ON FIELD STRENGTH.
MAGNETIZED.

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ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS

THESE MATERIALS EXHIBIT SAME AS TEMPERATURE INCREASE

PROPERTIES AS FERRO MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY INCREASE AND REACHES
MATERIALS EXCEPT THE ALIGNMENT OF MAXIMUM AT NEEL TEMPERATURE BEYOND
MAGNETIC DIPOLES (ANTI PARALLEL). WHICH IT DECREASES.

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ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
• NEEL TEMPERATURE: IT DESCRIBES
A TEMPERATURE LIMIT AT WHICH AN
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCE
BECOMES A PARAMAGNET.

• CURIE TEMPERATURE: IN PHYSICS AND

MATERIALS SCIENCE, THE CURIE
TEMPERATURE, OR CURIE POINT, IS THE
TEMPERATURE ABOVE WHICH CERTAIN
MATERIALS LOSE THEIR PERMANENT
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES.

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FERRI MAGNETIC MATERIALS

The dipoles are antiparallel but Net magnetization is large

not equal in magnitude. even for smallexternal field.

The susceptibility is positive Behave as paramagnetic and

and large even after neel ferromagnetic materials below
temperature. and above curie temperature.

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HYSTERISIS LOOP

• HYSTERISIS IS GENERALLY DEFINED AS LAG IN VARIABLE PROPERTY OF A

SYSTEM ITH RESPECT TO EFFECT PRODUCING IT AS THIS EFFECT VARIES.

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HYSTERISIS
LOOP OF
MAGNETIC
MATERIALS

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SOME DEFINITIONS
• RETENTIVITY: IT IS A MATERIAL'S ABILITY TO RETAIN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF RESIDUAL MAGNETIC
FIELD WHEN THE MAGNETIZING FORCE IS REMOVED AFTER ACHIEVING SATURATION. POINT B ON CURVE.

• COERCIVITY: IS A MEASURE OF THE ABILITY OF A FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL TO

WITHSTAND AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD WITHOUT BECOMING DEMAGNETIZED.
• COERCIVE FORCE:  THE AMOUNT OF REVERSE MAGNETIC FIELD WHICH MUST BE APPLIED TO A
MAGNETIC MATERIAL TO MAKE THE MAGNETIC FLUX RETURN TO ZERO.

• REMANANCE: REMANENCE OR REMANENT MAGNETIZATION OR RESIDUAL MAGNETISM IS THE

MAGNETIZATION LEFT BEHIND IN A FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL AFTER AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD
IS REMOVED.

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HYSTERISIS LOOP OF
MAGNETIC MATERIALS
 THANK YOU
F OR L I S TE N I N G

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