WIRELESS

WIRELESS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS

PRESENTED BY
VIKAS
 4G wireless: One View

•4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of

mobile communications that will enable things like IP-based voice,
data, gaming services and high quality streamed multimedia on
portable devices with cable modem-like transmission speeds.
HISTORY
 MODELS OF WIRELESS
SYSTEM
 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM  2G WIRELESS SYSTEMS
3G WIRELESS SYSTEM 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM
ABOUT 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM

 4G is the fourth generation wireless network

communications technology Standard.
 This new generation of wireless is intended to complement
and replace the 3G systems.
 The 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various
networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol.
 Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the
main features of 4G services.
 The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems,
as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems.
 In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless
Internet.
1.Technologies That comprise 4G
 4G is based entirely on packet switched networks.
Standards such as 3G and Bluetooth will be incorporated in to the 4G standards.

2.Need for 4G
 Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer rate of 384 Kbps to
2mbps is much slower than 20 to 100 Mbps of 4G.
With its use of existing technologies and communication
standards, 4G present a comparably inexpensive standard.
4G will utilize most of the existing wireless communication
infrastructure.

3.Specifications of 4G
4G can provide a 10 times increase in data transfer over 3G.
This speed can be achieved through Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
OFDM can not only transfer data at speed of more than 100 Mbps, but
it can also eliminate interference that impairs high speed signals.
4.The potential applications of 4G
 4G will provide for a vast number of presently
non-existent applications for mobile devices.

4G devices will differ from present day mobile

devices in that there will be navigation menus.

4G will provide a seamless network for users

who travel and require uninterrupted voice/data
connections.
 COMPARING KEY PARAMETERS OF 4G WITH 3G
3G 4G
Major Requirement Driving Predominantly voice driven- Converged data and voice over
Architecture data was always add on IP

Network architecture Wide area cell based Hybrid –integration of wireless

LAN and wide area

Speed 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band 1800-2400 MHz Higher frequency bands (2-8

GHz)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi

Carrier CDMA)
Component Design Optimized antenna design, Smarter Antennas, software
multi-band adapters  multilane and wideband radios

IP  A number of air link All IP (IP6.0)

protocols, including IP 5.0 
4G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 The number of access networks
in public, private business and
home areas is increasing.
 Service providers will need
access to specific network
characteristics to be able to
enhance their services, and may
have certain requirements such
as minimum delay guarantees.
 Another aspect is that the user
needs to control the usage of the
available networks, especially
when this usage comes with a
price.
 Business model of 4G Network
The current model assumes there are relationships between the
end user, the service provider, and the network operator.

In the 4G , the number of access networks and the number of

network operators will increase rapidly.

Both the end user and the service provider do not want to be
bothered with the peculiarities of these networks.

This asks for a service centric approach where the end user,
the service provider and network operator are loosely coupled
through a Service Support role.

Two main responsibilities of Service Support are Service

aggregation and Network integration .
 Service aggregation (SA)
enables service provisioning
to end users. whereas
network
 integration (NI) ensures that
this can be realized
regardless of the network
the end user is connected to.
 The end user benefits from
being able to access his/her
subscribed services
anywhere and anytime.
ISSUES REGARDING IMPLEMENTING 4G
WIRELESS NETWORKS

•Access
•Handoff
•Location Coordination
•Resource coordination to add new users
•Support for quality of service
•Wireless securities and authentication
•Network failure and backup
•Pricing and billing
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
USED IN 4G
A. OFDM (ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTEPLEXING)
B. UWB (ULTRA WIDE BAND)
C. MILLIMETER WIRELESS
D. SMART ANTENNAS
E. LONG TERM POWER PREDICTION
F. SCHEDULING AMONG USERS
G. ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND POWER CONTROL
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides clear
advantages for physical layer performance, but also a framework for
improving layer 2 performance by proposing an additional degree of free-
domain.
 In ODFM, it is possible to exploit the time domain, the space domain, the
frequency domain and even the code domain to optimize radio channel
usage.
 It ensures very robust transmission in multi-path environments with reduced
receiver complexity.
 OFDM also provides a frequency diversity gain, improving the physical layer
performance .
 It is also compatible with other enhancement Technologies, such as smart
antennas and MIMO.
 OFDM modulation can also be employed as a multiple access technology
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access; OFDMA).
 In this case, each OFDM symbol can transmit information to/from several
users using a different set of sub carriers (sub channels).
OFDM MODULATION SCHEME
 Smart Antennas
 Switched Beam Antennas
 Adaptive Array Antennas
 Smart antennas can :
 Optimize available power
 Increase base station range
and coverage
 Reuse available spectrum
 Increase bandwidth
 Lengthen battery life of
wireless devices
Millimeter Wireless

 In a 4G system, millimeter
wireless would constitute only one
of several frequency bands, with
the 5GHz band most likely
dominant.
Scheduling among Users

 To optimize the system throughput, under

specified QoS requirements and delay
constraints, scheduling will be used on
different levels:
a)Among sectors:
b) Among users:
 Adaptive modulation and power
control
 In a fading environment and for a highly loaded system there
will almost exist users with good channel conditions.
 The modulation format for the scheduled user is selected
according to the predicted signal to noise and interference
ratio.
 By using sufficiently small time-frequency bins the channel
can be made approximately constant within bins.
 For every timeslot, the time-frequency bins in the grid
represent separate channels.
 For such channels the optimum rate and power allocation for
maximizing the throughput can be calculated under a total
average power constraint.
 The optimum strategy is to let one user, the one with best
channel, transmit in each of the parallel channels.
 4G Software

 Software define radio

 Packet layer
 Packets
 Software Defined Radio
 A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or
frequency standard through the use of software.

 A software defined radio in the context of 4G would be able to work on

different broadband networks and would be able to transfer to another
network seamlessly while traveling outside of the user’s home network.

 A software defined radio’s best advantage is its great flexibility to be

programmed for emerging wireless standards. It can be dynamically
updated with new software without any changes in hardware and
infrastructure.
 software could just download interface automatically .

 This is the job of the packet layer, which will split the data into small
“packets.”
 Packet Layer
 The packet layer is a layer of abstraction that
separates the data being transmitted from the way
that it is being transmitted.

 The Internet relies on packets to move files, pictures,

video, and other information over the same
hardware.

 Without a packet layer, there would need to be a

separate connection on each computer for each type
of information and a separate network with separate
routing equipment to move that information around.
 pAcKET

Advatages of packet layer:-

*Packets are a proven method to transfer information.

*A predictable algorithm does not split packets .

*The data in packets can be encrypted using conventional data

encryption methods.

*There is no simple way to reconstruct data from packets without

being the intended recipient.

*More Flexible

*More Reliable
 ADVANTAGES OF 4G
 Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other
broadband services.

 IP based mobile system.

 High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit

 Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services

Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service-driven services

 Better scheduling and call-admission-control techniques

 Ad-hoc and multi-hop networks

 Better spectral efficiency

 Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive.

 Battery uses are more.

 Hard to implement

 Need complicated hardware.

 APPLICATIONS OF 4G
• 4G Car
• 4G and public safety
• Sensors in public vehicle
• Cameras in traffic light
• First responder route selection
• Traffic control during disasters
TRAFFIC CONTROL DURING DISASTER
 FUTURE
 There are some good reasons for 4G development and a
variety of current and evolving technologies to make 4G a
reality.
 Both service providers and users want to reduce the cost of
wireless systems and the cost of wireless services.
 Lesser the expensive of the system, the more people who
will want to own it.
 4G's flexibility will allow the integration of several different
LAN and WAN technologies.
 Finally, the 4G wireless system would truly go into a "one size
fits all" category, having a feature set that meets the needs of
just about everyone.
CONCLUSION

 All totally the best way to help all users is to use 4G

as the next wireless system and in totally it is safety
and secure for public, this the need that demands the
solution.
 Today’s wired society is going wireless and if it has
problem, 4G is answer.
Thank you