ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

OF CONVENTIONAL AND
UNCONVENTIONAL LOOMS

BY:
SPOORTHI C
SUSHMA B A
ADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL
LOOMS
 Shuttle loom is more economical than
shuttleless loom.
 It is suitable for low scale production types
industry.
 Easy to operate.
 Spare parts are available in the market.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
CONVENTIONAL LOOMS
 The weft is supplied in small packages known to be as ‘pirns ‘ in
order to accommodate in a shuttle.
 The weight of the shuttle itself is the major limitation to
accommodate 15-20gms of weft on shuttle of more than 500gms is
used.
 As the weft carried in the shuttle is less replimishments are to be
carried out frequently as a consequences of weft replimishments
frequently interference in weaving is more therefore chances of
quality of fabric detoriations more.
 As the shed formed to accommodate the shuttle is more in case of
shuttle looms more time is consumed in forming of shed therefore
limiting the speed and in affecting the efficiency of whole process of
weaving.
 Power to operate during picking of shed is half the power required
to drive the whole loom and therefore loom speed increases
dispropotionate increase in energy consumed.
 Difficulty in design of efficient picking and checking mechanism
due to gradual change of weight of shuttle during weaving .
 On shuttle the warp is subjected to repeated cyclic stresses and
strains and therefore this in turn results in warp breaks.
 There is no control over the shedding in this type of picking
mechanism.
 Fear of sloughing off of yarn is more during this type due to high
acceleration and retardation.
 The mass of sley is approximately half tonne therefore the beatup
is not fast and the eccentricity is more leading to more wear and
tear of parts.
 The picking is from both sides therefore limitation of loom speed .
 Due to high power consumption therefore the width of loom is
limited.
 Limitation of colour insertion.
 Danger of shuttle flying out there.
 Heat generation is more due to friction is more.
 Greater amount of noise and vibration.
ADVANTAGES OF UNCONVENTIONAL
LOOM
 Shuttle is eliminated in this type.
 Picking in this type is from one side and therefore
there is no limitation of width of loom.
 The weft is carried positively and there is control
of picking element in the picking process.
 The number of moving parts are reduced in this
type thereby the amount of wear and tear
involved is very much less.
 Use of big weft package i.e uses of cones and
cheese which have package weight upto 4kgs.
 The depth of shed which was a limitation is conventional
weaving is been solved here the shed depth would be 5-10mm
 Shedding mechanism used in unconventional weaving machines
are positively wholly.
 There is wide opportunity to select the type of selvedge needed
this encompasses selvedge ranges from leno, tuck-in , fused
selvedge.
 The weft insertion rates ranging in the range from 1500-1700
m/min has been achieved successfully .However latest models of
shuttle less loom produced from sulzer have claimed to have
achieved weft insertion rates upto 1900m/min.
 The beatup is carried out with matched comes and flowes and
the angular movement of sley is 10-15 degree therefore reduced
wear and tear.
 The bottom shaft and crankshaft has been eliminated and the
drive is positively achieved by neoprane teeths and crank.
 The letoff mechanism is highly improved and positive letoff
mechanism is present.
 The selection of colours being inserted can be 6-8 and there is no
need of dropboxes.
 The mental strain on weaver is greatly reduced due to
less noise because there are less number of moving parts.
The noise levels are mentioned below
Griper -85 db
Air jet -95db
Waterjet-85db
Rapier-87 db
 The vibration of loom which is serious problem in case of
conventional weaving machine is eliminated due to limit
eccentricity involved in beatup mechanism.
 The use of weft accumulator assures the uniform tension
and feed during the weaving process.
 DISADVANTAGE OF
UNCONVENTIONAL LOOM
 The price of shuttle less loom is higher than the
shuttle loom.
 TYPES OF UNCONVENTIONAL
SELVEDGE
On unconventional weaving machine there are
unconventional selvedges atleast on one side they
are;
1) Tucked-in selvedge
2) Chain stich edges
3) Leno selvedge
4) Fused edges/Melt selvedge
 1. TUCKED-IN SELVEDGE
Tucked-in selvedges can be formed
by two different methods. With the
most common method the projecting
Weft tail is tucked in the form of a
Hairpin to a predetermined length
(10-15cm)into the next weave shed.
This gives a firm and neat selvedge but
its disadvantage is the double weft density created at the
selvedge.
A 2/1 , 3/1 rib with two ends per heald and 2 fold yarns
with about 20% finer than the body yarn number give
excellent results.
Sulzer bros(6) were the pioneer to introduced this
type of tucked-in selvedge on their projectile
machines but now-a days it is also used on rapier
and air jet weaving machines.
Formation of this type of selvedge can be either
mechanically by means of a hooked nozzle or
pneumatically by suction. The second type of
tucked-in is shown in fig2.
It consists of tucking an additional
fine thread into selvedge .This loop
can be introduced by needle after
each or alternative picks.
 2. CHAIN STITCH EDGES
Chain stitch edges are mostly
Produced on shuttle less
narrow fabric weaving
machines in which the pick is
Inserted by means of a needle.
These machines run at a very
high speed and the mechanism
for forming chain does not affect high production
operation .
The chain stitch has not yet been used on wide weaving
machines.
 3) LENO SELVEDGES
Dummy selvedges are required
atleast on the offside of the
loom to hold the ends of the
picks until they are seperated
from main selvedge by a cutter.
Fabric with leno selvedge have
fringe ends which are less attractive than the
Tucked-in selvedges.
Leno selvedges are suitable for high speed weaving
used on rapeir ,water jet, and air jet looms.
Leno selvedges are of two types they are;
a) HALF CROSS LENO
b) FULLCROSS LENO
 a) HALF CROSS LENO
The half cross leno with two
thread alternating and crossing
between two threads
corresponding to the single
leno . In this case two leno threads run in opposite
directions round the standard end and thus bind
each pick on the both sides of the standard end.
Half cross leno can be produced with needle
harness.
 b) FULL CROSS LENO
Full cross leno selvedge is made
by twisting two special ends,
Often called as binder ends,
continuously together and
inserting the pick between them
This type of selvedge is referred
to twisted selvedge.
 4) FUSED/MELT SELVEDGES
This type of selvedge is also known as fused
selvedge. The formation of this type selvedge
requires outermost ends of thermoplastic
filament yarns e.g polyester,
polyamide polyolefineetc with this method
the edge ends are platicized by means of
incanescent pin or Ultrasonic and stuck together
to produce a firm neat edge . Which does not curl up. This type
of selvedge can be used with all types of weaving machines
This also requires dummy selvedge , so the wastage are high
upto 2-4% depending upon the number of ends and width of
fabric.
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