CARBOHYDRATE

S PREPARED BY :
ROBIÑOS, Emily Ann A.
 CARBOHYDRATES
• They are the major source of “ENERGY” for
all living organism such as animals and plants.
• Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
In a molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.
• Most abundant biomolecule on
earth.
• They also serve as a structural components.
FUNCTIONS OF
CARBOHYDRATES
1.Source of Energy.
2.Protein sparing.
3.Aid in digestion.
4.Structural component of
plants such as cellulose
and chitin for insects.
 Carbohydrates
Simple Complex

Monosacchari Disaccharid Polysaccharid

des es es
Carbohydrates classifications:
Monosaccharides
- referred simple sugar.
- they are the smallest units
that makes carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates classifications:
Disaccharides
-made up of two or typically less
Example:
than 20 monosaccharides.
glucose + glucose = maltose
-can be referred as
oligosaccharides.
-the process of linking two
monosaccharide with one another is
called condensation.
-the reversed reaction is called
hydrolysis.
Carbohydrates classifications:
Polysaccharides
-most abundant carbohydrates
in nature.
-also known as glycan.
-branched or unbranched.
-can be classified as
homopolysaccharide and
heteropolysaccharide.
POLYSACCHARIDE CAN BE CLASSIFIED
INTO TWO:

Homopolysaccharides Heteropolysaccharides
• single type of sugar • commonly called as
monomer. Glycosaminoglycans.
• serve as a storage forms • Typically consist of repeating
of monosaccharide in both disaccharide units which have
human, plants and even been modified to contain an
bacteria. amino group and some sort of
negatively charge groups.
Examples of Homopolysaccharides

1. STARCH-storage form in plants.

a. AMYLOSE –unbranched glucose polymer
b. AMYLOPECTIN-branched glucose polymer
2. GLYCOGEN-storage in animals such as
humans.
3. DEXTRAN-structural formula for bacteria
and yeast.
4. CELLULOSE-structural components of
plants.
Example of Glycosaminoglycans
1. Chondroitin sulfate-plays the role of
absorbing shock.
2. Heparin-helps our body fight of injury
and infection.
3. Keratan sulfate-found in bone and
cartilage
4. Hyaluronate-found in connective and
epithelial tissue.
 Proteoglycans
• Are proteins that are
attached to
glycosaminoglycans.
• Modified protein-
sugar.
 Example
• In connective tissue such as cartilage, the extra cellular matrix
consists of collagen and proteoglycan called aggrecan.
-> Collagen- gives tensile strength.
-> Aggrecan- helps dissipate impact forces and lubricants joints.
The End