GPRS Dimensioning and

Performance Workshop
-
EGPRS/GPRS Introduction

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-1 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
EGPRS/GPRS Services

Voice still ”the key” service

Mobile e-mail

Mobile E-commerce
Mobile internet

Mobile office
Vertical applications

Mobile images

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-2 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 GSM Bit Rate Evolution
kbps
60 Coding Schemes 59.2

54.4
50

40
44.8
30 29.6
22.4
20 20.0
14.4 16.8
12.0 14.8
10 11.2
8. 8.4
0
0 MCS4

MCS7
MCS1

MCS2

MCS3

MCS5

MCS6

MCS8

MCS9
CS1

CS2

CS4
CS3

GPRS EGPRS
GMSK modulation 8PSK modulation

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-3 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 EDGE Modulation Principle
Currently: EDGE:
GMSK Modulation 8PSK Modulation
Q (0,1,0) Q
(0,0,0) (0,1,1)
“1”
I I
(0,0,1) (1,1,1)
“0”
(1,0,1) (1,1,0)
(1,0,0)

“1 bit per symbol” “3 bits per symbol”

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-4 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
EGPRS/GPRS Network Modes

 Support for three mode of operation for network:

– Network Mode I:
Gs-interface required.
Combined paging and location updating for CS and GPRS users.
MS listens to one paging channel (CCCH + PDTCH or PCCCH +
PDTCH).

– Network Mode II:

No Gs-interface used.
No combined procedure for paging and location updating.
MS listens to one paging channel (CCCH).

– Network Mode III:

No Gs-interface used.
No combined procedure for paging and location updating.
MS must listen to two paging channels (CCCH and PCCCH).

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-5 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 SMS-GMSC
Network Overview Gd SMS-IWMSC
Abis A (MAP)
(MAP)
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
HLR

Gb Gs Gr (MAP) IP
Gi (IP) Network
EIR
SGSN GGSN
Gf

Gn Gn
Gb - Interface between SGSN and BSC
Gb - Interface between SGSN and BSC
(Frame
Other
(FrameRelay)
Relay)
Gi
Gi - Referencepoint
- Reference pointbetween
betweenGPRS
GPRSand
PLMN
external packet data network
external packet data network
and Backbone
Gs - Interface between SGSN and MSC
Gs - Interface between SGSN and MSC Network Gp (IP)
Gr - Interface between SGSN and HLR
Gr - Interface between SGSN and HLR
Gc - Interface between GGSN and HLR
Gc - Interface between GGSN and HLR
Gn - Interface between two GSN within
Gn - Interface between two GSN within
the same PLMN
the same PLMN
Gp - Interface between two GSN in
Gp - Interface between two GSN in
different PLMN
different PLMN
Gf - Interface between SGSN and EIR
Gf - Interface between SGSN and EIR

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-6 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
Serving GPRS Support Node – SGSN

 Ciphering, authentication, and IMEI check

 Mobility management
 Logical link management towards the MS
 Charging data
 Packet routing & transfer
 Routing Area info IP
Network
Gi (IP)

SGSN Gn GGSN

Current Products
•CGSN R2.1
•SGSN R2.2
•SGSN R3.0 GA in June has Gs interface

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-7 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
Gateway GPRS Support Node – GGSN

 External interfaces
 Access functionality
 ‘Traditional’ gateway functionality
 Routing

IP
Network
Gi (IP)
GGSN

Current Products
•CGSN R2.1
•GGSN R2.2
•J20 - Ericsson Juniper co-operation

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-8 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 Mobile services Switching Centre – MSC
and Gs interface
MAP
MSC/VLR HLR
 CS paging request to SGSN
(Gs i/f) Gs
Gr (MAP) IP
Network
 Signalling coordination for Gi (IP)
class A/B mobile (Gs i/f) SGSN GGSN
– Combined attach/detach Gn Gn
– Combined routing/location
Backbone
area update
Network
 Suspend and resume IP
function (A and Gb i/f)

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-9 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
Base Station Controller - BSC & Packet Control Unit - PCU
and Gb interface
A MAP
BSC/PCU MSC/VLR
HLR
Gb Gs
Gr (MAP) IP
Network
Gi (IP)
SGSN GGSN

Gn Gn

 Gb interface - Frame Relay based

Backbone
interface towards SGSN Network
 Allocation of PDCH in cells IP
 Handling of EGPRS/GPRS Paging Current Products
 Broadcast EGPRS/GPRS information •BSS R8.0/R9.0
•BSS R9.1 2002 Q4, including EGPRS

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-10 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 Base Transceiver Station – BTS
Abis interface
A’’ A MAP
BTS BSC/PCU MSC/VLR
HLR
Gb Gs
Gr (MAP) IP
Network
Gi (IP)
SGSN GGSN

Gn Gn

 Packet data for the radio interface Backbone

Network
 Slot and channel handling
IP
 Existing A’’ interface is reused

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-11 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 Protocol Layers

Application
IP
Relay
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP

LLC LLC UDP / UDP /

Relay
TCP TCP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
IP IP
MAC MAC Network Network L2 L2
Service Service
GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-12 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 GPRS Radio Packet Segmentation

PH User data Application

IP
segment segment
SNDCP
MAC Header
FH Info FCS
Payload LLC
segment segment
USF T PC RLC Header RLC data BCS

RLC/MAC
Packet flow FH data BCS
– SNDCP: subnet dependent
convergence protocol 456bits
– PH: Packet header Encoding and puncture
– FH: Frame header 114bits
– FCS: frame check Burst Burst Burst Burst Physical
sequence
– BCS: Block Check
20 m sec
sequence One Radio block

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-13 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
Structure of the radio block
Header
Radio
 Coding  Block
Data bits

M bits in 456-M bits of coding 456 bits in each radio block

RLC/MAC block

Channel RLC data RLC data RLC data RLC data

Coding block size rate block throughput
Scheme without (kbps) without RLC provided to
spare bits header LLC layer
(octets) (octets) (kbps)
CS-1 22 9.05 20 8
CS-2 32 13.4 30 12
CS-3 38 15.6 36 14.4
CS-4 52 21.4 50 20

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-14 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 MS Operation Modes
 Support for three mode of operation for mobiles:
– Class A mode of operation allows a MS to have a CS
connection at the same time as it is involved in a packet
transfer

– Class B mode of operation allows an MS to be attached to

both CS and PS connections, but it cannot use both services
at the same time. However, an MS that is involved in a
packet transfer can receive a page for CS traffic. The MS
can then suspend the packet transfer for the duration of
the CS connection and afterwards resume the packet
transfer. This requires the Gs interface between the MSC
and SGSN to be present.

Class C mode of operation allows an MS only to be attached

to one service at a time. An MS that only supports GPRS or
EGPRS and not CS traffic will always work in class C mode
of operation.

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-15 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 Mobility Management states

•Idle state, when the MS is turned on but not GPRS attached. The
MS is "invisible" to GPRS/EGPRS, e.g. when the MS is outside of
the coverage area for GPRS/EGPRS.

•Standby state, the MS is GPRS attached and sends Routing Areas

(RA) updates to the SGSN every time it changes RA.

•Ready state, a packet transfer is ongoing or has recently ended.

A ready timer defines how long time the MS shall remain in ready
state after a transfer. The time is decided by SGSN and can take
values from zero to infinity, i.e. the MS shall never go back to
Standby state. The MS sends cell update to SGSN every time it
changes cell. In ready state there is no need to send a PS page to
the MS. SGSN sends the LLC frames to the PCU and the PCU sends
an assignment immediately to the MS since the location is known.

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-16 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 EGPRS/GPRS Mobility Management
IDLE

GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach or
Cancel location

Implicit Detach
or READY
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry
or
Force to STANDBY PDU
or reception
Abnormal RLC
IDLE Not GPRS attached
condition
READY Packet transfer/idle
STANDBY Packet Idle
STANDBY

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-17 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 Service Quality

 Service quality (delay, throughput etc.) depends on:

– Application behavior
– MS capabilities
– Radio environment and coding scheme used
– GPRS resources in the cell
– Number of GPRS users in the cell
– ISP and IP Backbone performance

IP
BTS BSC Network

SGSN GGSN

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-18 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 R99 GSM Standard
 Four traffic classes defined
Traffic class Conversational class Streaming class Interactive class Background
conversational RT streaming RT Interactive best effort Background best
effort

Fundamental  Preserve time  Preserve time  Request  Destination is

characteristics relation (variation) relation response pattern not expecting
between information (variation) the data within
entities of the between  Preserve a certain time
stream information payload content
entities of the  Preserve
 Conversational stream payload content
pattern (stringent
and low delay )

Example of the - voice - streaming video - Web browsing - background down-

application load of emails

QoS in the BSS will differentiate between the traffic classes Interactive and
Background. The traffic classes Streaming and Conversational will not be
supported but will be treated as the Interactive class

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-19 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 GPRS Coding Schemes

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-20 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
 EGPRS Coding Schemes
MCS9

MCS8

MCS7

MCS1

MCS6

MCS5

MCS4
MCS3

MCS2
MCS1

• New GPRS Terminals needed

• GPRS BTS/BSC needs HW/SW upgrade (RBS 2000)
03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-21 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
EGPRS/GPRS Attach Procedure
Combined attached, with Gs Interface

BTS BSC MSC/VLR

IP
Gb Gs Net-
Gr work
HLR

SGSN GGSN
Backbone

03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-22 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
PDP Context Activation

BTS BSC

ISP A
HLR GGSN (A) Gi ISP B

Gb Gr
Gn

SGSN Gn Gn GGSN (B) Gi

Backbone Corp.
Network

SGSN resolves an Access Point Name (APN) into the IP

address for the GGSN connected to the target network
03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B Slide 1-23 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop
MS Miscellaneous
message to various
MSs
1. Packet Downlink Assignment
2. Packet Control Ack.
3. Starting time acc. to PDA
4. Packet Power/Timing Update
5a. Valid RLC block
RLC
RLC
Packet Downlink ACK/NACK
RLC



6a. RLC with FBI=1
Packet Downlink ACK/NACK
6b. RLC with FBI=1
7. Packet Downlink ACK/NACK
8. Expiry of T3192.
Miscellaneous
message to various
MSs
03802-LZU 108 5402/1_1 Rev. B
BSS Downlink TBF
1. MS leaves DRX mode
2. Four access bursts for
TA (optional)
MS listens to PCCCH
3. MS starts timer T3190
4. If not given earlier and MS is active on one or
PTTCH not in use several PDCHs
5a. MS stops timer T3190
RLC transfer according to
the MAC/RLC ARQ protocol,
c.f., TS GSM 04.60
All signaling uses CS-1 only
6a. Indicating the termination of
the TBF Data blocks use any coding
6b. If there are outstanding RLCs
7. Last ACK. Connection very robust (kept
8.  MS releases TBF down to 5-6 dB)
 MS goes to PCCCH
 Non DRX mode
Slide 1-24 GPRS Radio Dimensioning and Performance Workshop