LESSON 3.

2
DISCUSSION FOR V
  KUDER – RICHARDSON FORMULA
• It determines the reliability of right versus wrong items.
Can be compute using KR29 formula:
r = ()()
where:
r = reliability coefficient
n = number of items
v = variance of students’ scores which is equal to
pq = the product of proportion of pass and fail for each item
 EXAMPLE
Suppose that 10 students were used as samples to test a reliability of a
10-item test. Results were recorded below. Conduct Kuder Richardson
reliability test.
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Correct Correct Correct Wrong Correct Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct
2 Wrong Wrong Wrong Wrong Wrong Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
3 Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct Correct
4 Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Wrong Wrong Correct Correct
5 Wrong Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
6 Wrong Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
7 Wrong Wrong Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct Wrong Correct Correct
8 Correct Correct Correct Correct Wrong Wrong Correct Correct Wrong Correct
9 Correct Wrong Wrong Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
10 Correct Correct Wrong Wrong Correct Correct Wrong Correct Correct Correct
 Let 1 be the correct item and 0 be the wrong
item
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
f is the total correct answer of the students
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5
3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7
Divide each f by the number of the students to
obtain p
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f P
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 0.8

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.5
3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 0.8

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 0.8

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.9
6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6 0.6
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7 0.7

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0.7
To get q, subtract each value of p to 1.
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f P q
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.5 0.5
3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 0.8 0.2

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.9 0.1
6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6 0.6 0.4
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7 0.7 0.3

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0.7 0.3
 Multiply p and q to obtain pq.
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f P q pq
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.5 0.5 0.25

3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.9 0.1 0.09

6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6 0.6 0.4 0.24
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

 Add all 1’s in each column. Place the sum at the
bottom and label it Total x
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f P q pq
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.5 0.5 0.25

3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.9 0.1 0.09

6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6 0.6 0.4 0.24
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

Total x 6 6 6 6 8 8 7 8 9 10
   Add all values in pq column and it will be pq.
ITEM STUDENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f P q pq
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.5 0.5 0.25

3 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.9 0.1 0.09

6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16
7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 6 0.6 0.4 0.24
8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.8 0.2 0.16

10 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0.7 0.3 0.21

Total x 6 6 6 6 8 8 7 8 9 10 1.80
  Find the Mean ()
Total x 6 6 6 6 8 8 7 8 9 10

•=  6+6+6+6+8+8+7+8+9+10
10

= 74
10

= 7.4
  Find the sum of , denoted by ∑
STUDENT x SOLUTION
1 6 -1.4 6 – 7.4
2 6 -1.4 6 – 7.4
3 6 -1.4 6 – 7.4
4 6 -1.4 6 – 7.4
5 8 0.6 8 – 7.4
6 8 0.6 8 – 7.4
7 7 -0.4 7 – 7.4
8 8 0.6 8 – 7.4
9 9 1.6 9 – 7.4
10 10 2.6 10 – 7.4
 
Find the sum of , denoted by ∑
STUDENT x SOLUTION
1 6 -1.4 1.96 or -1.4 x -1.4
2 6 -1.4 1.96 or -1.4 x -1.4
3 6 -1.4 1.96 or -1.4 x -1.4
4 6 -1.4 1.96 or -1.4 x -1.4
5 8 0.6 0.36 or 0.6 x 0.6
6 8 0.6 0.36 or 0.6 x 0.6
7 7 -0.4 0.16 or -0.4 x -0.4
8 8 0.6 0.36 or 0.6 x 0.6
9 9 1.6 2.56 or 1.6 x 1.6
10 10 2.6 6.76 or 2.6 x 2.6

∑ = 18.4
 Solve for v
∑ = 18.4

•v  =∑
N-1
v = 18.4
10 – 1
v = 18.4
9
v = 2.04
 Find r using KR20 formula
n = 10 ∑pq = 1.80 v = 2.04

•r =  ()()

r = ()()

r = ()()

r = (1.11)(0.12) = 0.1332 or 13% (not reliable)

END OF LESSON 3.2