Contents

• Asphalt test
• Asphalt Mixture
• Characteristics of Asphalt Mixture
• Marshall Test
• Assignment

1
Asphalt Testing Equipment

Penetration test
Asphalt Testing Equipment

5° per menit

Pengujian Titik Lembek Ring and Ball

Asphalt Testing Equipment

5 cm per menit

Asphalt Ductility Testing

Cetakan Benda Uji dalam Pengujian Daktilitas

Asphalt Testing Equipment

163°selama 5 jam

Percobaan Hilang dalam Pemanasan dengan

Alat Thin Film Oven
 Asphalt Testing Equipment

Percobaan Titik Nyala dengan Alat Cleveland Open Cup

Asphalt Testing Equipment

Percobaan Penyulingan Aspal Cair

 The Technical and Economical Asphalt Mixture
Requirements

• Enough asphalt to ensure the durability of pavement

• Enough stability so that it can receive traffic loads without
experiencing and occuring the deformation
• Enough void in total mixture to allow additional compaction
in the field due to the traffic load.
• Flexible enough to allow changes in shape without any cracks.

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Volume of Asphalt Mix

9
10
 The mixture characteristics
• Stability
• Durability
• Fleksibility
• Skid Resistance
• Fatique Resistance
• Workability

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 Stability
• Stability of the road pavemnet layer is the ability of pavement layer of
pavement layer receives the traffic load without permanent deformation
occurs as a wave, flow or bleeding.
• Aggregate with good or tightly gradation will provide small voids in mineral
agregate that produce high stability but require the low asphalt level to bind the
aggregate
• The small Void in mineral agregat (VMA) will result the asphalt that cover the
aggregate is limited and produce the thin asphalt film. Th thin asphalt film were
easily separated resulting the layer is no longer waterproof, low oxidation occured
and the pavement layer is damage.
• e using plenty of asphalt will cause the asphalt can no longer cover the aggregate
well (because the VMA is small) and also produce the small void in mix (VIM).
The existence of traffic load adds the layer compaction that caused the asphalt layer
melted out (bleeding).

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 Durability
• Durability is required on the surface layer so that the layer can be able
to hold the worn-out due to the effects of weather, water and climate
change or worn-out caused by friction wheel vehicle
• The small VIM so the waterproof and airproof layer does not enter into the
mix that causes oxidation and asphalt becomes brittle
• The large VMA so the asphalt film can be made thick. If VMA and VIM
are small and the level of asphalt is high then the possibility of bleeding is
big. To reach the large VMA the long graded aggregate is used.
• Asphalt film (blanket), the thick asphalt film produces concrete asphalt
layer with high durability, but increase the possibility of bleeding.

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 Flexibility
• Flexibility at the pavement layer is the ability of the layer
to follow the deformation caused by repeated traffic load
without cracking and changing the volume.
• To produce high flexibility can be obtained by:

– Using the big gap graded aggregate in order to obtain large VMA
– Using the soft asphalt (asphalt with high penetration)
– Using quite a lot of asphalts in order to obtain the small VIM

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 Skid Resistance
• skid resistance is the resistance given by pavement so the
vehicle doesn't slip in wet and dry condition

• The resistance expressed by the coefficient of friction between

the road surface with the vehicle wheel
• The high value of shear resistance is influenced by the :
– The using of aggregate with rough surface
– The using of precise asphalt level in order to avoid bleeding
– The using of aggregate with cube shape
– The using of enough rough aggregate

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 Fatique Resistance

• Fatigue resistance is the resistance of the layer of asphalt

concrete in receiving repetitive loads without the
occurrence of fatigue in the form of rutting and cracking
• The factors that influence the fatique resistance are:
– The high VIM and low asphalt level will lead to fatigue faster.
– The high VMA and level of asphalt can cause the pavement layer
becomes flexible

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 Workability

• workability is the easiness of a mixture to expose and

compact in order to get the result with the expected
compaction
• Workability is influenced by:
– Aggregate gardation. Well graded aggregate is easier to implement
than another graded aggregate.
– The mixture temperature takes part in influencing the hardness of
bonding material with thermoplasic nature
– The high filler ingredients will lead the more difficult implementation

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Marshall Test

18
Marshall Test

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 Marshall Test
Objective:
• To prepare standard specimens of asphalt concrete for
measurement of stability and flow in the Marshall apparatus
• and to determine density, percentage air voids, and percentage
of aggregate voids filled with binder.

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 Marshall Test
• The performance of asphalt concrete was first introduced by Bruce Marshall by the
U.S. Corps of Engineers.
• Examination is intended to determine the resistance (stability) of the melting plastic
(flow) of a mixture of asphalt and aggregate.
• Plastic melting is a state of mixture shape deformation because of load until the
decay limit, expressed in "mm atau 0,01".
• Marshall Tool (see picture) is a tool equipped with a proving ring with a capacity of
2500 kg or 5000 pounds.
• Proving ring equipped with a useful gauge watch for measuring the stability of the
mixture.
• In addition, there are also flow meter) watch to measure the melting plastic flow
• Cylinder specimens with 10 cm diameter and 7.5 cm high prepared in laboratorium
using the specimen mold
• hammer with weight of 10 pon (4,536 kg) dan height of fall is 18 inch (45,7 cm) is
give the load with constant speed 50 mdminute.y

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 Marshall Test Result
• Stability, expressed in integer indicating strength, resistance to
the rutting
• density, expressed in ton/m3.
• Asphalt level, expressed in decimal numbers one digit after the
decimal point.
• Plastic melt flow expressed in mm atau 0,01 inch which can be
an indicator of bending.
• VIM (void percentage in a mixture) expressed in decimal
numbers one digit after the decimal point. VIM is an indicator
of durability and possible bleeding.

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 Marshall Test Result
• VMA (void percentage to aggregate) expressed in integer. VMA band
VIM are indicator of durability
• Asphalt absorption(percent of the mixture) in order to obtain of how much
the effective asphalt level
• Asphalt layer thickness (asphalt film ), expressed in mm. asphalt film
is a guidance about the nature of mixture durability
• Effective asphalt level, expressed in decimal numbers one digit after the
decimal point.
• Marshall coefficient, is the result of stability and flow quotient , expressed
in kN / mm, ,which is a potential flexural indicator of cracking.

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 Assignment
Data :
Fungsi Jalan : Arteri 2 jalur 1 arah
Umur Rencana : 20 tahun
Tahun dibuka : 1995
Data lalu lintas : 1990, untuk 2 jalur 1 arah :

Kendaraan Penumpang (E = 0,004) 2000 Kendaraan

Bus Besar(E = 0.3006) 299 Kendaraan
Truk dan Bus Ringan (E = 0.2174) 163 Kendaraan
Truk Berat (E = 5.0264) 60 Kendaraan
Truk Berat 3 sumbu (E = 2.7416) 34 Kendaraan
Trailer 4 sumbu (E = 4.9283) 10 Kendaraan
Trailer 5 sumbu (E = 5.1072) 3 Kendaraan
Jumlah 2569 Kendaraan

Pertumbuhan Lalu lintas :

Selama Masa Konstruksi
Kendaraan Ringan (< 5 ton) : 6,5%
Kendaraan Berat (> 5 ton) : 5,0%
Selama Masa Layan (Umur Rencana)
Kendaraan Ringan (< 5 ton) : 7,7%
Kendaraan Berat (> 5 ton) : 6,2%

CBR Tanah Dasar:

Untuk mendapatkan data CBR tanah dasar diambil 20 titik sebagai berikut :
2.58% 2.61% 2.25% 2.57% 2.41% 2.20% 2.20% 2.63% 2.30% 2.30%
2.36% 2.33% 2.69% 2.37% 2.53% 2.74% 2.74% 2.31% 2.64% 2.64%

Material Perkerasan yang direncanakan :

Lapis Permukaan : Laston MS-744; a = 0,40
Lapis Pondasi : Batu Pecah CBR 100%; a = 0,14
Lapis Pondasi Bawah : Sirtu / Pitrun CBR 70%; a = 0,13

Ditanyakan:
Rencanakan struktur perkerasan lentur dengan Metoda Analisa Komponen dengan menunjukkan ketiga alternatif 24
yang me-maksimum-kan masing-masing lapis perkerasan.