Matter and Forces

- Properties of matter - Pure substances and Mixtures - Chemical and Physical changes in matter
- Forces - Forces change matter
Properties of matter Pure substances and Mixtures

Chemical and Physical changes Forces change

Properties matter
of matter
 Properties of Matter
Mass, volume and density are the basic properties of matter

Mass Volume Density

o Amount of matter o Amount of space
o We use scales o We use beaker full of water
o We measure in Kg or g o We measure in m3

Mass
= Density
Volume
 Physical properties of Matter
Hardness Conductivity Solubility
Diamonds can cut rocks Cooper and gold conduct electricity Salt is soluble
It can be dissolved in water
Seawater is a mixture

Conductors / Insulators

Cooper

We get salt from the evaporation of

seawater
 Pure substances and mixtures
Pure substance 1 component Mixtures Combination of 2 or more components

Salt Heterogenous Homogenous

Gold

Water
Pasta + tomato + cheese … chocolate + milk + sugar

Solutions
Solids + liquid
the liquid
dissolves
Oxygen the solid
 Separating mixtures
Magnetism Filtration Decantation
Magnets Filters stop big
separate particles
non- magnet
components

Evaporation
 Chemical and Physical changes in matter
Chemical changes Changes in the composition of a substance. They produce new substances

Oxidation Combustion Fermentation

Oxygen + substance = Oxidation Combustion produces light and heat Carbohydrates turned into carbon
Substance + Oxygen = Other susbstance dioxide and alcohol or acids
(carbon dioxide, vapour, ashes)

Carbon dioxide +Water vapour

Rust Ashes
 Chemical and Physical changes in matter
Physical changes When the Form of a substance changes or 2 or more substances combined

• Reversible. New substance can be changed back to its original form

• Melting
• We can separate them
When the form of a substance changes Melting

Physical changes 2 or more substances combined

Reversible We can separate them
 Forces
Forces can change the way objects move (pull, push, stop, lift, directions or stop)

Types of forces
CONTACT FORCES NON-CONTACT FORCES
Apply force making contact (push, pull,) Apply force with no contact (magnetism, gravity)
MAGNETISM
PUSH

PULL

GRAVIT
Y

FRICTION

Pull
 Forces

Friction force Gravity force Applied force Drag force

Spring force Magnetism force Tension force Buoyant force

 Forces change matter
Forces can change an object (shape, velocity…)
PERMANENT CHANGES TEMPORARY CHANGES

Direction When we SQUEEZE we can change the shape

for a short time

Deformation Break
 Forces change matter
Forces can change the velocity: speed in a specific direction.

Velocity: speed in a specific direction